Вопрос № 1072358 - Английский язык

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Mr. Sikorski: You are one of the leading 1_______ on management. 2_______?
Mr. Sage: Basically it’s a functional form of organization with departments for Marketing, Production, Finance and so on.
Mr. Sikorski: If I’m not mistaken, this form is more common for small firms, isn’t it?
Mr. Sage: Yes, it is. As the firms become larger and more complex departmentalization by product, territory or customer may be more effective.
Mr. Sikorski: I see. Organization structure also includes an idea of relationship between the positions and people who hold the positions. What can you say here?
Mr. Sage: 3_______.
Mr. Sikorski: Yes, but as far as I know, the line organization works only for small companies. Large companies need people who are not a part of the chain of command.
Mr. Sage: That’s right. Large companies need people like lawyers, financial and other experts whose jobs are known as staff positions. Large companies use a line and staff organization structure.
Mr. Sikorski: And what span of management is best?
Mr. Sage: You’ve raised the most difficult question I must say. There is no one answer to it. In general, a broad span of management reduces a total number of managers but a narrow span makes possible close supervision.
Mr. Sikorski: What’s the most typical management hierarchy in the US companies?
Mr. Sage: Typically, there are three levels within management. They are supervisory managers, middle managers, and top managers.
Mr. Sikorski: What’s your idea of a 4_______ business?
Mr. Sage: I, personally, believe that business is well managed if everyone has a clear idea of what his or her job is.
Mr. Sikorski: I can’t agree more with you.

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There are numerous reasons people think about owning a business of their own. 1_______.
Unfortunately, the record shows that two out of three new businesses fail within their first four years. 2_______. On the bright side, the innovativeness of entrepreneurs in small businesses enables a small business to react quickly and successfully to changing times.
3_______. Those innovations are the source of new jobs and new opportunities for entrepreneurs. 4_______.

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American specialists who work as economists have usually a graduate degree in economics either a master’s degree or а Ph.D. About half of them are academic economists, who are engaged in teaching, writing and doing research in colleges and universities. 1_______.
The other half of this profession works for business or government. 2_______. Some business economists work for private organisations, helping them prepare their arguments to try to affect tax laws, regulations, etc. which are important to particular branches oЈ industries.
Government economists also perform a variety of useful tasks. 3_______. Economists forecast tax revenues and interest rates, analyse who gains and who loses from particular changes, monitor prices, compute total output and perform other useful tasks in the public sector.
4_______.

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There are numerous reasons people think about owning a business of their own. 1_______.
Unfortunately, the record shows that two out of three new businesses fail within their first four years. 2_______. On the bright side, the innovativeness of entrepreneurs in small businesses enables a small business to react quickly and successfully to changing times.
3_______. Those innovations are the source of new jobs and new opportunities for entrepreneurs. 4_______.

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A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. 1_______. There are other advantages. Sole proprietors own all the profits of their enterprises, they have minimal legal restrictions and don’t pay the special taxes placed on corporations. 2_______. But there are also some disadvantages. 3_______. All debts and all problems associated with the business belong to the owner. If a business fails, the owner must personally assume the debts. This could mean the loss of personal property such as cars, homes and savings. 4_______. Also, when the owner dies, the business dies.

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The UK economy has recently experienced economic growth combined with low inflation and falling unemployment. In 1997, it achieved the first surplus on the current account of the balance of payments since 1985. Nevertheless, the economy continues to face problems, such as low levels of investment and productivity, and income per head is below that of many other major industrialized nations. The Government’s economic policies are directed towards the achievement of high and stable levels of growth and employment, enabling everyone to share in higher living standards and greater job opportunities. Extra resources are being allocated to priority concerns, notably health, education, public transport, and the regeneration of urban areas and housing.
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The UK economy continues to face problems, such as low levels of investment and …