Прочитайте текст. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of th...: ответ на тест 1105217 - Английский язык

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The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. One nucleus is split, causing many others to split, in what is called a nuclear chain reaction. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
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Nuclear physics
1. The study of the nucleus of an atom is known as nuclear physics. As a result of this study, scientists have discovered ways of splitting the nucleus to release huge amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. A controlled nuclear reaction inside a power station can be used to provide heat and light for our homes.
2. Nuclear power stations use fission to produce their energy. Fast-moving atomic particles called neutrons are fired at the nucleus of an atom to split it. This splitting is called fission and it causes other atoms to split in a chain reaction. Some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost in the process. This is converted into large amounts of nuclear energy.
3. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction that creates huge amounts of energy. It takes place naturally inside the sun, creating the heat energy that we need to survive on Earth. At temperatures of about 14 million C dgr. the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse, or join together. In the process, some mass (the number of heavy particles inside an atom) is lost and converted into energy. Scientists are trying to develop this form of nuclear reaction as a safer alternative to the nuclear fission that takes place in power stations.
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You put pressure on something when you apply a force to it. The amount of pressure depends on two things: the size of the force, and, more importantly, the size of the area on which it is applied. The smaller the area, the greater the pressure. This principle explains why thin stiletto heels sink into wooden floors and damage them. It also explains why a camel’s large, flat feet prevent it from sinking into the sand in the desert.
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Isotopes are different forms of the same element. They have identical chemical properties and occupy the same place in the periodic table. The word “ isotope” means “same place”. It is their physical properties that differ, because their atoms (tiny particles) have different masses. Each “isotopic form” has a different number of neutrons, in the nucleus of its atoms, which gives it a different mass. Hydrogen gas, for example, can exist naturally in three isotopic forms: common hydrogen, heavy hydrogen, and radioactive hydrogen.
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Many people 1_______ Benjamin Franklin as a writer, statesman, and patriot who did much to establish the United States of America. Franklin, however, was also a 2_______ scientist who carried out important experiments in electricity, and the inventor of the lightning rod and a stove that is still in use today. He also 3_______ the use of the electrical terms “positive” and “negative”. In his 4_______ experiment, Franklin showed that lightning was the same form of energy as static electricity. He did this by flying a kite in a thunderstorm. He put his finger near a key attached to the metal kite string, and a spark jumped between them.

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A molecule is a group of atoms joined together by chemical bonds. The molecules of an 1_______ are identical and contain atoms of one type only. Oxygen gas, for example, has 2_______ made up of two oxygen atoms. The molecules of a compound are also 3_______, but in this case each molecule 4_______ atoms of more than one type. In water, for example, each molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. All gases, most liquids, and many nonmetallic solids consist of molecules.