Вопрос № 284153 - Английский язык

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A basic law of electricity states that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Electrons emitted from the cathode of an electron tube are negative electric charges. These charges may be either attracted to or repelled from the plate of a diode tube, depending on whether the plate is positively or negatively charged.

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An electric current is a flow of electricity. There are two kinds of electricity, positive and negative. Glass rubbed with silk is positively charged, ebonite rubbed with fur is negatively charged.
Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. The leaf electroscope is used to detect, distinguish and measure charges.
The ultimate particle of negative electricity is called the electron; that of positive is called the proton.

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The cloud of electrons formed in the space between cathode and the plate is called space charge. The space charge is negative and hence has a repelling effect on electrons emitted from the cathode. The amount of the plate current depends on the space charge and the relative strength of the electric field set up by the positive plate voltage.

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Fluid milk for commercial distribution is usually pasteurized, that is subjected to the temperature of 61,70 C for at least 30 min or 71,70 C for 15 sec. and then cooled and bottled. The importance of safety and cleanliness is stressed in the dairy industry. Milk may also be condensed or evaporated, dried, powdered or separated into skim milk and cream.

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Drying, salting, cold storage, freezing, bottling and canning are methods used to preserve vegetables and fruit. If foods are kept for a few days in the air, they spoil because of the action of yeasts, bacteria and other types of microorganisms. Food preserving methods destroy these organisms or prevent their re – entry or slow down their growth.

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It was not until 1930 that people could keep food fresh for a long time. They did this by freezing it.
Clarence Birdeye was the first person to sell frozen food. He had watched fishermen catching fish in the coldest part of Canada. The fish came out of the water and frozen in the cold air. Months later, these frozen fish were still fresh, and the fishermen could cook and eat them. Mr. Birdeye started a freezing company with some friends. He put fresh vegetables into large boxes of water. Then he put the boxes in a large freezer.
At first the frozen foods did not sell very well. Many people did not have anywhere to keep them because they did not have fridges. Also the price was high. However, when more people had fridges, frozen foods become more popular and people did not have to pay so much for them. By 1933, there were 516 shops selling frozen foods.