Вопрос № 857171 - Английский язык

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At first sight the answer to the question “What is money?” seems obvious; the man or woman in the street would agree on coins and banknotes, but would they accept them from any country? What about cheques? They would probably be less willing to accept them than their own country’s coins and notes but bank money (i.e. anything for which you can write a cheque) actually accounts for by far the greatest proportion by value of the total supply of money. What about credit cards and gold? The gold standard belongs to history but even today many rich people in different parts of the world would rather keep some of their wealth in the form of gold than in official, inflation-prone currencies. The attractiveness of gold, from an esthetic point of view, and its resistance to corrosion is two of the properties, which led to its use for monetary transactions for thousands of years. In complete contrast, a form of money with virtually no tangible properties whatsoever - electronic money - seems set to gain rapidly in popularity.
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The gold standard belongs to _________________.

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1_______. Until the 18th and 19th centuries coins were given monetary worth based on the exact amount of metal contained in them, but most modern coins are based on face value, the value the governments choose to give them, irrespective of the actual metal content. 2_______. Most governments now issue paper money in the form of notes, which are «promises to pay». 3_______. Checks, bankers, credit cards are being used increasingly and it is possibly to imagine a world where «money» in the form of coins and paper currently will no longer be used. 4_______.

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1_______? It would be a very different place! 2_______. For example, imagine that you needed some bread. 3_______. You would have to give the baker something that the baker needed. If you were a farmer, perhaps you could offer the baker some fresh vegetables. 4_______?

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Millions of cans of drinks are drunk every day in the USA. 1_______. This is good news for the big drinks manufacturers, but there is one problem: what happens to all the empty cans afterwards? A German engineering company thinks it has the answer.
2_______. It is different from American vending machines because it also takes back empty cans. Why bring an empty can back? 3_______. If you are lucky, you win a new full can. 4_______. However, they need to do some market research. They need to collect all the statistics that they can find about the American drinks market.

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Big companies spend millions of dollars on developing their brand and designing their logo. Market research shows that more and more people are paying attention to the brand of the things they buy. Why? Because global brands like Pepsi have ideas and values connected with them.
Some people are very loyal to one brand because of the ideas and values associated with it. For example, some makes of car are associated with quality or reliability.
Other people are buying an image of themselves – the brand you use says what kind of person you are. Drinking Pepsi Max means you want to get the most from life – you want freedom and adventure, and therefore you are an exciting person. Wearing Nike trainers or sports clothes is all about individual achievement; you can do anything you want – just do it.
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Some makes of car are associated with …

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For many years, sales of cigarettes in western countries have been falling, because people know more about the dangers of smoking. Because of this, one large tobacco company has increased its marketing activities in Asia and Latin America. In these parts of the world, people know less about the danger to their health from smoking. At the moment, about 150,000 people a year in Latin America die from smoking-related illness. This number is going up every year. The tobacco company knows this, but it continues to sell more and more cigarettes in these countries. The pressure group ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) says tobacco companies use the fact that people don’t understand the dangers. They believe this is unethical as it puts profits before people.
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For many years, sales of cigarettes in western countries have been falling, because people know more about the dangers of …