Вопрос № 933072 - Английский язык

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Ophthalmic nurses examine and advise patients. They administer tests for visual acuity and do slit lamp examinations, test blood pressure and urine, and may make preliminary diagnoses and assist ophthalmologists in surgery. In many countries, the role of the ophthalmic nurse is expanding and they are now taking on a lot of the tasks formerly only performed by ophthalmologists. Now ophthalmic nurses treat cataracts with surgery known as laser capsulotomy, excise cysts in the eyelid, and do other minor surgical procedures.

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What is the age-related presbyopia treated with?
Glasses are prescribed when light rays do not focus correctly on the retina. If they focus in front of the retina, the result is short-sightedness, also called myopia. This is treated by a concave lens. If light rays focus behind the retina, the result is long-sightedness, also called presbyopia. This is treated with a convex lens. There is laser surgery available now for these problems, though it is not able to treat age-related presbyopia which most people develop in their mid 40s because by that time the lens has lost too much flexibility.

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Scrub nurses who work in surgery are responsible for sterilizing equipment and ensuring that the operating environment is aseptic. Their pre-operative duties involve preparing patients for surgery by following site surgery protocols, getting information about allergies and compiling pathology results, and imaging. In the operating theatre they assist by anticipating what the surgeons are going to do next and watching over the patient, checking for complications. When patients leave the operating theatre, nurses monitor them very closely during the crucial post-operative recovery period.

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Eye disease is one of the most common forms of ill health, particularly in the elderly and many severe eye 1_______ are only partially treatable. Problems with the 2_______ pathway (eye, brain, eyelids, and lacrimal system which protects the eye) keep a steady flow of patients through the surgeries of both ophthalmologists who 3_______ surgery and optometrists / opticians who prescribe optical aids like 4_______.

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To protect the public, all 1_______ must be tested and officially authorized to make sure that they are safe and produced to a quality 2_______. There are different types of medicines. Some are only available on 3_______, others are only available from pharmacies, and there are a small number that can be bought from other retail outlets. To be sure that you get the best product and advice for your needs, ask your 4_______, the expert on medicines.

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Unlike other diseases, there is no objective way to make a 1_______ of mental illness, and very often a diagnosis is based on observations of behaviour and scores in psychological tests. The dividing lines between madness, 2_______, and normality are in fact rarely clear, though strange behaviour and impulses are usually associated with mental illness if suffering is involved.
‘Mental illness’ is a broad label for 3_______ that include
– 4_______ instability
– behavioural disorders
– cognitive dysfunction