Вопрос № 933213 - Английский язык

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Automation
1. Automation is the use of control systems in concern with other applications of information technology to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
2. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities.
3. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial tasks is possible.
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How does automation benefit to people?

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Automation
1. Automation is the use of control systems in concern with other applications of information technology to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.
2. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities.
3. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as high-level tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial tasks is possible.
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How does automation benefit to people?

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What is the density of water?
Density (specific weight) is the amount of mass in a unit volume. It is measured in kilograms per cubic metre. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 but most materials have a higher density and sink in water. Aluminium alloys, with typical densities around 2800 kg/m3 are considerably less dense than steels, which have typical densities around 7800 kg/m3. Density is important in any application where the material must not be heavy.

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What is the slower speed of the ZX 1000 electric drill?
The ZX 1000 electric drill has two speeds: the fast speed is 3,000 rpm and the slower speed is 1,000 rpm. Adjust the speed according to the type of material and the size of the hole. For example, use the faster speed for a soft material such as wood to drill holes smaller than 10 millimetres (10 mm) in diameter but choose the slower speed for holes between 10 and 25 mm. However, for steel, a hard material, use the faster speed for holes smaller than 6.5 mm and choose the slower speed to drill holes between 6.5 and 10 mm.

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Why were originally industrial robots designed?
Industrial robots, originally designed only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are now widely used to transfer, manipulate, and position both light and heavy workpieces performing all functions of a transfer machine.
In the 1920s the automobile industry for the first time used an integrated system of production. This method of production was adopted by most car manufacturers and became known as Detroit automation.

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What is fatigue?
Fatigue is the growth of cracks under stress. It occurs when a mechanical part is subjected to a repeated or cyclic stress such as vibration. Even when the maximum stress never exceeds the elastic limit, failure of the material can occur even after a short time. No deformation is seen during fatigue, but small localized cracks develop and propagate through the material until the remaining cross-sectional area cannot support the maximum stress of the cyclic force. Knowledge of tensile stress, elastic limits, and the resistance of materials to creep and fatigue are of basic importance in engineering.