Вопрос № 284261 - Английский язык

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Most cars use 1_______ to cool the engine. Water 2_______ from the radiator through a system of water passages and rubber hoses. A water 3_______ pushes the water round. This system is known a 4_______ system.

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1_______ is very important for farm animals. The necessary amount of water being unavailable, the cattle may be in poor condition. The 2_______ of water required by livestock depends on the nature of the feed, the size and the activity of the animal and the season. Milk containing about 87 per cent of water, dairy cows must 3_______ large quantities of water for the production of milk. A high-yielding 4_______ is given 8-10 gallons of water per day.

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The raw materials for plastics are coal and 1_______, and many plastic materials today are produced from oil. Plastics can be divided into two main 2_______. The first group, called thermoplastics, includes well-known plastics such as PVC, nylon and polythene. These can be treated (heated, softened and cooled) several times, and can be formed into combs, pipes and bags, in addition to many other similar 3_______.
Thermosetting 4_______ include melamine, polyurethane and phenolic resin, and can be made into tableware, foams and plugs respectively. However, this group differs from thermoplastics because they can be treated only once and harden when they are heated.

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Heat causes some 1_______ to expand more than others. For example, copper expands more than iron. This 2_______ is used in the bimetal strip, which consists of two dissimilar strips of metal welded together. The strips are usually made of brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) and invar, a ferrous alloy which expands very little when heated.
An increase in 3_______ causes the brass to expand more than the invar. This expansion causes the bimetal strip to bend, and consequently a switch or a valve is 4_______.

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The first scientists to study colour was Sir Isaac Newton. He was an English 1_______      who lived from 1642 to 1727. Newton was the first person to 2 _______ white light into different colours.
In 1861 another English scientist, James Clerk Maxwell, showed that he could make other colours by mixing the primary colours – red, blue and yellow – in different ways. These other colours are called secondary and tertiary colours. We make secondary colours by 3 _______ two primary colours together. For example, red and yellow become orange, yellow and blue become green, and blue and red become violet. We make tertiary colour with one 4_______ colour.
We can make a room look bigger or smaller, hotter or colder by using colour. Green and blue are cold colours. They can also make a room look bigger. Red, orange and yellow are hot colours. They can make a room look smaller.

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There have been many different number 1 _______ in the world. A long time ago the Babylonians counted in 60s and today computers count in 2s – using only 1 and 0. We call this 2-number system the binary system. Most systems, however, count in 10s. This is because we have 10 fingers. We call this system the decimal system from ‘decem’, the Latin word for 10.
The Romans used letters like I, V, X and C to 2 _______ in 10s but these are not very easy to use. The numbers most people use today come from India. We think they were 3 _______ by the Hindu people there. In the Hindu system the place of each number is important. For example, 832 is a different number to 238 or 382. The Hindu system was also used by the Arabs, and we now call them Arabic numbers. In about the 12th century an Italian called Leonardo Fibonacci wrote a book about Arabic numbers, and people all over Europe began using these numbers.
We do not know who invented the decimal point, but we know that in 1585 a man called Simon Stevin wrote  a book about the decimal point. The book was called ‘The Tenth’. Before we knew about the decimal point, we had to use 4 _______ like Ѕ and system ѕ when we talked about numbers smaller than 1.