Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова. At the beginning of the 20th...: ответ на тест 1104879 - Английский язык

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At the beginning of the 20th century mechanization of such basic processes as ploughing, sowing, grain-harvesting was still by no means complete. Now we can say that it is. The thing now is the full-scale mechanization of jobs requiring more intricate machinery, such as harvesting of sugar-beets, cotton, mowing of hay crops, silaging and livestock care. Today our collective and state farms are able to obtain high yields of crops and animal produce because they work in close contact with science. At the dawn of history we find man practicing the most elementary methods of modifying soil conditions. He broke up the surface and prepared a seed-bed, using for this purpose the most primitive of all cultivating devices, a digging implement like a hoe. In early times the principal crops were cereals and flax.

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At the dawn of history we find man practicing the most elementary methods of modifying soil conditions. He broke up the surface and prepared a seed-bed, using for this purpose the most primitive of all cultivating devices, a digging implement like a hoe. In early times the principal crops were cereals and flax.
By the 19th century such a complexity of implements had been introduced as to justify the term «agricultural machinery». In agriculture, as in industry, the use first of water-power and then of steam had immensely stimulated the invention of machinery or replacing manual labour.  A threshing-machine was invested late in the 18th century and was gradually coming into use early in the 19th. It was driven by water or wind, sometimes by horse labour and later by steam. The mowing-machine, the self-binder and the potato-digger had been developed in the first instance for horse or manual labour.
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What stimulated the invention of machinery?

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By disease in plant is meant some disturbance in the normal life-processes which affects either a particular organ or the entire plant, and which sometimes leads to premature death. Cultivated plants are usually more liable to disease than wild plants. The losses caused by plant diseases are sometimes enormous, and cultivation of certain crops in some countries had been abandoned in the past owing to the ravages of disease. Storage losses through disease may be severe. Disease in plants may be brought about either through attack by some kind of parasite or by some autonomous, functional derangement.

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There are more than 20 different minerals in the body. 1_______. Then there are small quantities of sulphur, chlorine, magnesium, iron, copper, iodine, fluorine, cobalt, zink and others. Three of the most important minerals are calcium, phosphorus and iron. 2_______. The bones and teeth have 99 per cent of the calcium in the body. If people have enough calcium and phosphorus their bones and teeth will be strong and hard. 3_______. Milk and hard cheeses are the best sources of calcium. 4_______.

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The red colour of the blood is the colour of the hemoglobin. 1_______. As iron carries oxygen, people who do not have enough iron do not get enough oxygen for their normal activities. 2_______. A small quantity of iodine is also necessary for good nutrition – probably less than one ten-thousandth of a gramme daily. Deficiency of iodine results in an overgrowth of the thyroid gland. 3_______. Fluorine is a constituent of the enamel of the teeth but it is absent from most foods. So many cities now add traces of fluorine to the water supply. 4_______.

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Nutritionists think there are13 vitamins that humans need. 1_______. Vitamin A is important for healthy skin and eyes. Vitamin A in the diet comes from deep yellow fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, dark green leafy vegetables and milk, liver, cod-liver oil. When people have enough B vitamins, their appetite is good and their nerves are calm. 2_______.Vitamin C helps skin tissues to recover from cuts and burns. 3_______. Vitamin D is called the “sunshine” vitamin. It is also in cod-liver oil, milk and butter. Vitamin D helps to build strong bones. 4_______.