Вопрос № 1072588 - Английский язык

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, 1________________, hybrid, and integrated circuit technology. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in 2____________ branch of electronics.
Integrated circuits that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, thick-film, hybrid, and integrated circuit 1________________. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in 2____________ branch of electronics.
Integrated circuits that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.

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Only a half century after their development, integrated circuits have become ubiquitous. Computers, cellular 1_______, and other digital appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies. That is, modern computing, communications, manufacturing and transport systems, including the Internet, all 2_______ on the existence of integrated 3_______. Indeed, many scholars believe that the digital revolution – brought by the microchip 4_______ – was one of the most significant occurrences in the history of humankind.

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Integrated circuits can be classified into analog, digital and mixed signal (both analog and digital on the same chip).
Digital integrated 1_______ can contain something from one to millions of logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and other circuits in a few square millimeters. A small size of these circuits 2_______ high speed, low power dissipation and reduced manufacturing cost.
Analog ICs, such as sensors, power management circuits, and operational amplifiers, work by processing continuous signals. They perform 3_______ like amplification, active filtering, demodulation, mixing, etc.
ICs can also combine analog and digital circuits on a single chip to create functions such as A/D converters and D/A converters. Such circuits offer smaller size and 4_______ cost.

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A microcontroller (also microcontroller unit, MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, a watchdog, etc. Program memory in the form of NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on the chip, as well as typically small, read/write memory.
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What memories are included on the chip?

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Microcontroller programmes must fit in the available on-chip program memory. Compilers and assembly languages are used to turn high-level language programmes into a compact machine for storage in the microcontroller memory. Depending on the device, the program memory may be permanent, read-only memory that can only be programmed at the factory, or program memory may be field-alterable flash or erasable read-only memory.
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What are the types of program memory depending on the device?