A machine with a long arm which is used to lift and move heavy weights is a: ответ на тест 922819 - Английский язык

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The Shard, London
1. The Shard is a skyscraper in the centre of London, just near the famous Tower Bridge. It is one of the tallest buildings in Europe. Designed by Renzo Piano, the tower has 88 levels and is clad entirely in glass. It contains offices, restaurants, bars, cafes, viewing galleries, a hotel and residential apartments. One of the biggest challenges the developers had to deal with was to minimise disruption in the local area. The Shard is located next to London Bridge station, one of the busiest transport hubs in London, and Guy's Hospital, a large teaching hospital. Noise and dust had to be kept to a minimum.
2. There was some special equipment used during the construction of the Shard. These cantilever loading platforms are easy to install and move. Cranes lift the platforms into position. They are flush with the floor allowing the movement of large objects in and out of the structure. High-rise buildings like the Shard need a lot of concrete. This project used a powerful, high-performance pump which can pump more than 90 m3 of concrete per hour.
3. Normally a lift shaft has to be complete before a lift can be installed. With jump lift technology this is not necessary. As the building rises, the jump lift, which contains its own machine room, rises with it. The Shard construction site used a number of cranes. The lead crane in the centre occupied the highest spot. This crane was mounted inside the core. As the building rose the crane was jacked up.
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What is «the jump lift» technology?

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The Shard, London
1. The Shard is a skyscraper in the centre of London, just near the famous Tower Bridge. It is one of the tallest buildings in Europe. Designed by Renzo Piano, the tower has 88 levels and is clad entirely in glass. It contains offices, restaurants, bars, cafes, viewing galleries, a hotel and residential apartments. One of the biggest challenges the developers had to deal with was to minimise disruption in the local area. The Shard is located next to London Bridge station, one of the busiest transport hubs in London, and Guy's Hospital, a large teaching hospital. Noise and dust had to be kept to a minimum.
2. There was some special equipment used during the construction of the Shard. These cantilever loading platforms are easy to install and move. Cranes lift the platforms into position. They are flush with the floor allowing the movement of large objects in and out of the structure. High-rise buildings like the Shard need a lot of concrete. This project used a powerful, high-performance pump which can pump more than 90 m3 of concrete per hour.
3. Normally a lift shaft has to be complete before a lift can be installed. With jump lift technology this is not necessary. As the building rises, the jump lift, which contains its own machine room, rises with it. The Shard construction site used a number of cranes. The lead crane in the centre occupied the highest spot. This crane was mounted inside the core. As the building rose the crane was jacked up.
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What is «the jump lift» technology?

A statue of a female figure used as a supporting pillar in a building is a …

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Building Construction
1. Building construction has its own history, which is marked by a number of trends. One of these trends is increasing durability of the materials. The first building materials were perishable such as leaves, branches and animal hides. Later people began to use more durable natural materials such as clay, stone, timber. Finally, synthetic materials such as bricks, concrete, metals, plastics were used in building.
2. Another trend is quest for buildings of greater height and span. It was possible by the development of stronger building materials and by knowledge of how materials behave and how to exploit them to greater advantage. The third trend involves the degree of control exercised over the interior environment of buildings: increasingly precise regulation of air temperature, light and sound levels, humidity, air speed.
3. All factors that affect human comfort become possible. A modern trend is change in energy of the construction progress, starting with human muscle power and developing toward the powerful machinery.
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Egyptian Architecture
1. The architecture of Egypt developed from the 3rd millennium B.C. to the Roman period. During this period artists and craftsmen were drawn to the court to work under the patronage of the King and his great nobles. Techniques of the working in stone, wood and metal made tremendous progress. The most outstanding achievements of this period are massive funerary monuments and temples build of stone for permanence, featuring only post-and-lintel construction, corbel vaults without arches or vaulting, and pyramids.
2. This architecture gave the world the earliest building in dressed stone, invented the column, capital and cornice. Features characteristic of the ancient Egyptian architecture also include the obelisk, the steeply battered pylon, the symbolical lotus column, and incised relief decoration without any structural relevance.
3. The pyramids of the Old Kingdom, majestically planted on the desert edge, are the most spectacular of all funerary works and the only remained wonder of the world. The world’s first large-scale monument in stone is Zoser’s necropolis at Sahara, built it 2766 B.C. by the Imhotep, the earliest named architect. These monuments celebrated the divinity of the kings of Egypt, linking the people with the great gods of earth and sky.
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Constructing Walls for Buildings
1. Walls may be constructed in different forms. The walls include windows and doors, heads and sills, stanchion casings and inner lining panels. The doors and windows provide for controlled passage of environmental factors and people through the wall line. The aluminium heads, sills and windows are fixed from inside the building. After this, the 900 mm and 1.800 mm wide exterior doors are installed. These doors are aluminum framed.
2. All walls are also designed to provide resistance to passage of fire for some defined period of time, such as a one-hour wall. The function of resisting fire is fulfilled by stanchions. The stanchions are enclosed in casings.
3. The walls are divided into interior and exterior walls. The exterior walls protect the building interior from external environmental effects such as heat and cold, sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, rain, sound, while containing desirable interior environmental conditions. The exterior walls are made up of brick cladding, wall planks. The wall planks are designed to be weatherproof and to support the outer cladding.
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