Вопрос № 605288 - Английский язык

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Insects live everywhere on land but not in the ocean. There may be over 30 million different kinds of insects in the world although scientists have not studied all of them yet, and many have no names.
Insects are very important in the world. They pollinate plants and help to break up the ground. Although some insects can hurt people or plants, other insects kill these dangerous ones. Insects are the food of many other animals.
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Where don’t insects live?

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The first houses were merely shelters for the purpose of protecting their owners from weather and therefore were very simple – a roof to keep of the rain, and walls to keep out the wind. 1 _______. A little later each house had its fireplace and a masonry chimney. 2 _______. There was no water supply, no heating system, and no electric light. 3 _______. First, there was running water in the kitchen, then hot water and later fully equipped bathrooms.
4 _______.

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1 _______. A coral attaches itself to a rock or sand. At the top of the polyp tube there is a mouth. The mouth has special tubes, something like feelers, which suck in water plankton and small fish. 2 _______. But how does a coral get calcium for its cup? The warm seawater is full of the calcium needed by a polyp for growing its cup. The softbodied polyp sits in this hard cup which it builds up around itself from calcium. And the hard reef is the cup, or “skeleton” itself. 3 _______. Only in the waters near the equator there is enough calcium, for the reef-builders.
Reef-building corals live in groups or colonies. 4 _______. When the tiny polyps die, their skeletons remain. Other corals attach themselves to hard shells and, later on, also die. A mass of dead coral rises about three feet high in 1,000 years.

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Road traffic is increasing worldwide. 1 _______. However, engineers are working on Advanced safety vehicles (ASVs) which will be much safer for drivers, other road users such as cyclists, and for pedestrians. 2 _______. ASVs will be equipped with electronic sensors to prevent accidents and to make it safer for people when accidents do happen. 3 _______. Others will warn drivers when they are too close to other vehicles.
4 _______. Electric motors are very efficient and produce no pollution, but they need heavy batteries and their range is limited with current technology. Hybrid cars have both a petrol engine and an electric motor. They save about 15% of fuel. They need batteries but they don’t have to be charged overnight as the motor acts as a generator when the car brakes. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is already used as a fuel. Cars can be converted easily but LPG only cuts down pollution a little. Hydrogen fuel cells may be the long-term answer. They provide clean power but each cell is very expensive.

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The device is called a Dervish. It is a mine-detonating vehicle for clearing anti-personnel mines from farmland in developing world countries. 1 _______. The United Nations estimates that 24,000 people die each year because of mines.
2 _______. Each wheel has steel teeth to create more pressure. When the teeth pass over a mine, it explodes. 3 _______. A motorbike engine powers the Dervish.          4 _______. As each wheel passes a certain point in the rotation, it slows down. This makes the machine advance in tight circles, about 30 mm apart. For this reason no mine in its path is missed.

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1 _______. When the driver brakes, the resistance of the motor helps to slow down the car. At the same time, the energy from the wheels turns the motor which then functions as a generator, producing electricity to recharge the batteries. When the batteries are low, the petrol engine also drives the generator.
2 _______. The petrol engine shuts off when the car comes to a stop. When the driver presses the accelerator, the motor instantly starts the engine again. No energy is wasted from idling when the car is stopped.
3 _______. They do not require special fuel like hydrogen cars and, unlike electric cars, they do not need to be plugged in overnight to recharge the batteries.              4 _______.