Вопрос № 882068 - Английский язык

Укажите главный смысловой компонент в выделенной последовательности слов.
Текст I
ENGINEERING
(1) Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or inventions.
 (2) The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
(3) Engineering, much like science, is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern themselves with differing areas of engineering work. Although initially an engineer will be trained in a specific discipline, throughout an engineer's career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas.
(4) With the rapid advancement of technology many new fields are gaining prominence and new branches are developing such as computer engineering, software engineering, nanotechnology, tribology, molecular engineering, mechatronics, etc. These new specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches such as mechanical engineering and mechatronics and electrical and computer engineering.
(5) Engineers apply the sciences of physics and mathematics to find suitable solutions to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than ever, engineers are now required to have knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects; as a result, they keep on learning new material throughout their career. If multiple options exist, engineers weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Укажите коннекторы в составе сложного предложения:

Текст I
ENGINEERING
(1) Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or inventions.
(2) The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
(3) Engineering, much like science, is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern themselves with differing areas of engineering work. Although initially an engineer will be trained in a specific discipline, throughout an engineer's career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas.
(4) With the rapid advancement of technology many new fields are gaining prominence and new branches are developing such as computer engineering, software engineering, nanotechnology, tribology, molecular engineering, mechatronics, etc. These new specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches such as mechanical engineering and mechatronics and electrical and computer engineering.
(5) Engineers apply the sciences of physics and mathematics to find suitable solutions to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than ever, [1] engineers are now [2] required to have knowledge of relevant sciences for [3] their design projects; as a result, [4] they keep on learning new material throughout [5] their career. If multiple options exist, engineers weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Завершите дефиницию, добавив подходящий термин:
The discovery or production of some new or improved process or machine is called...
Текст I
ENGINEERING
(1) Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or inventions.
(2) The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
(3) Engineering, much like science, is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern themselves with differing areas of engineering work. Although initially an engineer will be trained in a specific discipline, throughout an engineer's career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas.
(4) With the rapid advancement of technology many new fields are gaining prominence and new branches are developing such as computer engineering, software engineering, nanotechnology, tribology, molecular engineering, mechatronics, etc. These new specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches such as mechanical engineering and mechatronics and electrical and computer engineering.
(5) Engineers apply the sciences of physics and mathematics to find suitable solutions to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than ever, engineers are now required to have knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects; as a result, they keep on learning new material throughout their career. If multiple options exist, engineers weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result.
 (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Учитывая роль артикля, уточните значение существительного engineer в выделенном предложении.
Текст I
ENGINEERING
(1) Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or inventions.
(2) The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
(3) Engineering, much like science, is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern themselves with differing areas of engineering work. Although initially an engineer will be trained in a specific discipline, throughout an engineer's career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas.
(4) With the rapid advancement of technology many new fields are gaining prominence and new branches are developing such as computer engineering, software engineering, nanotechnology, tribology, molecular engineering, mechatronics, etc. These new specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches such as mechanical engineering and mechatronics and electrical and computer engineering.
(5) Engineers apply the sciences of physics and mathematics to find suitable solutions to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than ever, engineers are now required to have knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects; as a result, they keep on learning new material throughout their career. If multiple options exist, engineers weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result.
       (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Прочитайте текст, обратите внимание на выделенные слова или словосочетания и укажите, какие корректировки следует внести.
Текст II
TRIBOLOGY
Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in motion relative [1]. It includes the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication and wear. The word 'tribology' derives from the Greek root τριβ- of the verb τρίβω - tribo "Ι rub", and the suffix -logy.
A study of tribology [2] is commonly applied in bearing design but extends into almost every other aspects [3] of modern technology, even to such unlikely areas as hair conditioners and cosmetics such as lipstick, powders and lipgloss.
Any product [4] where one material slides or rubs over another is affecting [5] by complex interactions tribological [6], whether lubricated like hip implants and other artificial prosthesis or unlubricated as in high temperature sliding wear in whose [7] conventional lubricants can not be used but in which the formation for compacted oxide layer glazes [8] has been observed [9] to protect against wear.
Tribology played [10] an important role in manufacturing. In metal-forming operations, friction increases tool wear and the power required to work a piece. This results [11] in increased costs due to more frequent tool replacement, loss of tolerance as tool dimensions shift, and greater forces are required to shape a piece. The layer [12] of lubricant which eliminates surface contact virtually eliminates tool wear and decreases needed power by one third.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Прочитайте текст, обратите внимание на выделенные слова или словосочетания и укажите, какие корректировки следует внести.  
Текст II
TRIBOLOGY
Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in motion relative [1]. It includes the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication and wear. The word 'tribology' derives from the Greek root τριβ- of the verb τρίβω - tribo "Ι rub", and the suffix -logy.
A study of tribology [2] is commonly applied in bearing design but extends into almost every other aspects [3] of modern technology, even to such unlikely areas as hair conditioners and cosmetics such as lipstick, powders and lipgloss.
Any product [4] where one material slides or rubs over another is affecting [5] by complex interactions tribological [6], whether lubricated like hip implants and other artificial prosthesis or unlubricated as in high temperature sliding wear in whose [7] conventional lubricants can not be used but in which the formation for compacted oxide layer glazes [8] has been observed [9] to protect against wear.
Tribology played [10] an important role in manufacturing. In metal-forming operations, friction increases tool wear and the power required to work a piece. This results [11] in increased costs due to more frequent tool replacement, loss of tolerance as tool dimensions shift, and greater forces are required to shape a piece. The layer [12] of lubricant which eliminates surface contact virtually eliminates tool wear and decreases needed power by one third.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)