Вопрос № 224051 - Английский язык

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In 1954, an International Finance Corporation 1__________ to supplement the World Bank by participating in equity financing in member countries, and in 1960, a third 2___________, the International Development Association (IDA), was created. These three organizations constitute the World Bank Group. The IDA has the same3___________  and staff as the World Bank, but its separate charter enables it to offer loans to low-income member countries repayable at 0.75 percent interest over 50 4_________ (including 10 years’ grace).

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World Bank
1. World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is a multinational institution set up in 1947 to provide economic aid to member countries - mainly developing countries – to strengthen their economics. The Bank has supported a wide range of long-term investments including infrastructure projects such as roads, telecommunications and electricity supply; agriculture and industrial projects including the establishment of new industries, as well as social, training and educational programmes.
2. The Bank's funds come largely from the developed countries, but it also raises money on international capital markets. The Bank operates according to 'business principles' lending at commercial rates of interest only to those governments it feels are capable of servicing and repaying their debts.
3. In 1960, however, it established an affiliate agency, the International Development Association, to provide low-interest loans to its poorer members. Another affiliate of the World Bank is the International Finance Corporation which can invest directly in companies by acquiring shares.
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Another name of World Bank is …

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Today, the World Bank Group is a far cry from what it was when the World Bank began in 1946 under President Eugene Meyer - with three floors of rented office space at 1818 H Street NW and a few dozen 1__________. Even in the final days of the presidency of George Woods, in 1968, the group had fewer than 1500 employees and four buildings. As of 2_________ 31, 1991, however, on the eve of the accession to the presidency of Lewis Preston, former chairman of the board of J. P. Morgan & Co., the World Bank 3_________ had 3 senior vice presidents, 14 vice presidents, and 6500 employees scattered through 18 separate buildings in Washington, D.C; 2 4_________ offices in Paris and Tokyo; and 50 regional offices.

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The World Bank Group has had a significant positive effect on the flow of capital to the poorer countries of the 1___________, both directly and indirectly, and knowledge of Third World 2____________ has increased enormously. Still, the record of growth is spotty. In much of East Asia, per capita income is rising rapidly, but in 3_________ south of the Sahara, in South Asia, and in much of Latin America, the growth of per capita 4__________ has been discouragingly slow.

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The purpose of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is to promote 1__________ monetary cooperation through a permanent institution that 2___________ the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems. Specifically, the function of the IMF is to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international 3__________, to promote orderly and stable foreign currency exchange markets, and to contribute to balance of payments adjustment. To further these objectives, the IMF monitors members’ macroeconomic policies, makes 4__________ resources available to them in times of balance of payments difficulties, and provides them with technical assistance in a number of areas.

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Much of the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF’s) work is centered on annual consultations with each member 1_________ to ensure that its national policies in the area of economic growth, price stability, 2__________ conditions, and exchange rates 3__________ into account their consequences for the world economy and avoid unfair exchange policies. To ensure compliance with these basic tenets, the Fund is empowered to exercise firm surveillance over the 4___________ rate policies of member countries.