Вопрос № 1072672 - Английский язык

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Competition and Market Conditions
1. Competition is the economic rivalry that occurs among businesses when producers in a given industry attempt to gain a larger share of the market. Economists use the term «market structure» to describe how competitive specific industries are. Perfect competition and pure monopoly are the opposite extremes of the market structure continuum.
2. Perfect competition has many sellers of the same product, while pure monopoly has only one. Perfect competition exists when there are many buyers and sellers, none of whom control prices. In contrast, pure monopoly exists when a single firm controls the total production or sale of a good or service.
3. The most competitive type of industry is that with perfect competition. Four conditions must be present in the market structure for perfect competition to exist.
First: a particular good or service must have many sellers and buyers available. In addition, each seller must account for just a small share of the overall sales in the market. The goal of these sellers is to attract enough buyers to their businesses to earn a profit.
Second: the good or service offered by one competing firm must be similar or identical to those offered by other firms. In such a situation, buyers may choose freely from the selection.
Third: buyers must have easy access to information on the products and prices available. This information allows buyers to make intelligent choices about which goods to purchase based on price and quality.
Fourth: entrance to and exit from the industry must be relatively easy and inexpensive. In a purely competitive market structure, firms can easily enter a profitable industry or leave an unprofitable one.
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Competition and Market Conditions
1. Competition is the economic rivalry that occurs among businesses when producers in a given industry attempt to gain a larger share of the market. Economists use the term «market structure» to describe how competitive specific industries are. Perfect competition and pure monopoly are the opposite extremes of the market structure continuum.
2. Perfect competition has many sellers of the same product, while pure monopoly has only one. Perfect competition exists when there are many buyers and sellers, none of whom control prices. In contrast, pure monopoly exists when a single firm controls the total production or sale of a good or service.
3. The most competitive type of industry is that with perfect competition. Four conditions must be present in the market structure for perfect competition to exist.
First: a particular good or service must have many sellers and buyers available. In addition, each seller must account for just a small share of the overall sales in the market. The goal of these sellers is to attract enough buyers to their businesses to earn a profit.
Second: the good or service offered by one competing firm must be similar or identical to those offered by other firms. In such a situation, buyers may choose freely from the selection.
Third: buyers must have easy access to information on the products and prices available. This information allows buyers to make intelligent choices about which goods to purchase based on price and quality.
Fourth: entrance to and exit from the industry must be relatively easy and inexpensive. In a purely competitive market structure, firms can easily enter a profitable industry or leave an unprofitable one.
Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение …

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Most large companies now produce only what their market researchers tell them is in demand.
All products were new at one time. Today, a product is new if it is unique, or if it is new for the manufacturer who is entering the market to challenge the existing competition, or if it has had enough substantial design modifications to make it a new product.
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A product is new if it is new for the manufacturer who is entering the market to challenge the existing …

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Human wants are unlimited, but the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are limited. Every society has an identical problem, the problem of scarcity.
Everyone – individuals, business, firms and government – need to make choices from among the things they want. In the process they will try to economize, to get the most from what they have. With this in mind we define economics as the social science that describes and analyzes how society chooses from among scarce resources to satisfy its wants.
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Every society has an identical problem, the problem of …

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1_______
2_______,
Further to your last letter, I am happy to provide you with the information you need:
On an order for twelve plants we could not give any discount. We believe 3_______ and offer excellent value of money.
On terms of payment are one month’s charges in advance.
It would be useful to come to the sale. Is next Tuesday morning at 10 a.m. convenient for you? I can use the opportunity to clarify any other questions that you might have.
Yours sincerely,
4_______

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1_______
Dear Mr Smith,
2_______ that we have been interviewing candidates for the position of Marketing Director. I am now pleased to inform that we have appointed an excellent candidate, Simone Verdy. Simone has worked in marketing for over fifteen years and I am sure that 3_______.
I would like to invite you to a short lunchtime in Conference Room 2 Tuesday 5 Feb where you’ll have a chance to meet Simone on an informal basis. Refreshments will be available. Please let me know if you can come.
4_______,
Brian Smith