Вопрос № 224030 - Английский язык

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The Bank of England in the heart of the City of 1________. is Britain’s central 2________ . It is a banker to the 3_____________ banks and to the Government; manager of the National Debt; ‘’lender of last resort”; regulator of monetary and credit conditions; and, not least supervisor of the banking 4________.

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The 1_______ of the central bank are many and of a varied character. Firstly, in relation to the large number of commercial banks, it acts as a banker. It accepts 2_______ from, and extends loans to the banks in the country. The central bank is, therefore, rightly called bankers’ bank. Secondly, the 3_______ bank is the lender of the last resort, i.e., in any emergency, if the banks of the country are not in a position to extend credit to the genuine borrowers, the central bank must come to the assistance of the money market and save it from a crisis. Thirdly, the central bank is the 4_______ of the Government. When the Government needs loans for its current requirement for short periods, the central bank is obliged to extend credit to the Government.

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This is the broad title for institutions authorized under the Banking Act 1987 as deposit-taking 1___________ involved in the classic banking business of taking deposits and lending money, both in the retail and wholesale markets. In Britain, they include the retail 2________ and institutions which offer banking services. In June 1994 there were 518 authorized banks including retail banks, merchant banks, 3__________ of overseas banks, discount houses and banking subsidiaries of both banking and non-banking institutions from 4__________ and overseas.

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Retail banks primarily serve individuals and small to medium-sized businesses. The major retail 1__________ operate through more that 12,148 branches offering 2_________ deposit and withdrawal facilities and systems for transferring funds. They provide current account facilities, 3__________ interest-bearing accounts; deposit accounts; various types of loan arrangement; and offer an extending range of 4___________ services.

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Building societies started in the late 18th century to pool 1_________ to build houses and to buy land. They currently compete with the retail banks to attract savings from and provide mortgage finance for the 2_________ sector. 3_________, they hold more savings than the other deposit-taking institutions. Building 4__________ are “mutual” institutions, owned by their savers and borrowers. Since the Building Societies Act 1986 the societies have been able to provide a wider range of services.

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In March 1994, there were 255 branches of 1__________ banks in Britain which, together with 2__________ dealing in foreign securities, employ over 60,000 British people. The majority are based in London, including Moscow Narodny Bank, Bank of China and 38 Japanese banks. Citibank of the US is the largest of the 42 3_________ from the US based in Britain and has extended its activities into the 4__________ banking market and joined the clearing system.