Прочитайте текст Perforation of gastric or duodenal ulcer into the free peritoneal cavity is an indi...: ответ на тест 781736 - Английский язык

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Perforation of gastric or duodenal ulcer into the free peritoneal cavity is an indication for operation.
Surgical intervention is indicated in case of severe bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract when there are no signs of portal obstruction and when the haemorrhage persists after 2.5 litres of blood transfusion.
The primary purpose of the operation is to arrest haemorrhage. But the operation should also have the purpose of healing the ulcer.
During the operation the stomach must be opened widely. The operating surgeon must make a thorough search for the bleeding point. But often the surgeon is unable to find such a point. In such a case three-fourths of the stomach must be resected.
In severe haemorrhage reoccurs in the postoperative period a repeated operation of the stomach should be carried out. In this case all the stomach except a 1 cm margin at the esophagus should be resected.
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During the operation _______.

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The cardinal symptoms of ulcer are pain, localized tenderness, hyperacidity of the gastric juice and vomiting of blood. The time at which the pain develops depends largely on the situation of the ulcer. If the ulcer is in the body of the stomach or near the cardiac end, that is, near the opening of the esophagus, pain may develop very shortly after eating and may disappear when the stomach is empty. In this case a sharply localized area of tenderness will be felt in the middle of the epigastrium or slightly to the left and there may also be tenderness to the left of the lower spine. If the ulcer is near the pylorus pain will develop later in the course of digestion as the stomach is empting itself. In ulcer of the duodenum an aching pain develops two, three or more hours after meals and is relieved by food.
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The time at which the pain develops depends largely on _______.

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In scarlet fever the period of invasion lasts only twenty-four hours, it being characterized by headaches, vomiting, sore throat, and rapid pulse. In mild cases, when the patient is seen in the later stages of the disease, the diagnosis is often made from the character of eruption. Examining the patient the physician usually notes the inflammation of the throat which is associated with the enlargement of the glands of the neck. The typical symptoms of the disease are associated with the common simultaneous phenomena, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal disturbances, small amount of urine of dark colour, and mild delirium being most frequent. In scarlet fever during the final stage of convalescence the patient may feel almost well, but the most serious complications sometimes occur, kidney impairment being the most characteristic.
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In scarlet fever the period of invasion lasts only twenty-four hours, it being characterized by _______.

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In the widest sense an infectious disease is one due to the invasion of the human body by specific germs of some sort which infect it. The infectious disease with a relatively short course is called an acute infectious disease, the others are called chronic infectious diseases.
The course of an infectious disease is often marked by certain stages or periods, each having a special term.
The period during which the germs are developing in the body without characteristic clinical manifestations is called the period of incubation.
It is followed by the prodromal stage during which the initial symptoms may appear.
Then comes the stage of a fully developed disease or the stage of fastigium which in case of a disease with cutaneous eruption is called the period of eruption.
The last period is the stage of decline, in the eruptive fevers sometimes called the period of desquamation.
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The last period is the stage of decline, in the eruptive fevers sometimes called _______.

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The main difference between normal and cancer is one of the growth and differentiation: most cancer cells are in their structure more like those of the young organism (fetus) than those of the adult.
They generally grow and divide more rapidly and in a disorganized fashion, but normal cells only divide and grow until they come into contact with adjacent cells and then stop their growth.
Researchers have tried to treat cancers by using drugs which inhibit the division of cells. The most rapidly dividing cancer cells will be affected by these drugs before the more slowly growing normal cells.
The major problem in cancer research now is concentrated on trying to find out the more delicate difference between cancer and normal cells.
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Researchers have tried to treat cancers by using drugs which _______.

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Gallstones are found in 10-15% of people. They have been discovered even in the new-born. However until the age of 15-20 their occurrence is extremely rare. After the age of 70 gallstones may be found in every third person, the incidence of the disease among women being considerably more than among men.
Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts. Their origin is due to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism, that is an increased amount of cholesterol in the blood and bile. Inflammatory processes in the gallbladder and bile ducts are also responsible for the development of gallstones.
The chief symptoms of cholelithiasis are attacks of sharp pain in the right hypochondrium, they often being accompanied by vomiting, chill, and a high temperature. Jaundice may develop in cases when a gallstone occludes a large hepatic or bile duct.
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They have been discovered even in ________.