Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения. Voting is voluntary and ...: ответ на тест 1105013 - Английский язык

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Voting is voluntary and by secret ballot. Any person aged 21 or over who is a British citizen or citizen of another Commonwealth country or the Irish Republic may stand for election to Parliament, provided they are not disqualified (bankrupt, sentenced to more than one year’s imprisonment, members of the clergy, members of the House of Lords, and a range of public servants and officials). Approved candidates are usually selected by their political party organizations in the constituency which they represent, although candidates do not have party backing.

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General Elections to the House of Commons are held after Parliament has been dissolved, either by the Queen or because the maximum term between elections – five years – has expired. The decision on when to hold a general election is made by the Prime Minister. Britain is divided into constituencies, each of which returns one MP to the House of Commons. The British electoral system is based on the relative majority method – sometimes called the “first past the post” principle – which means the candidate with more votes than any other is elected.
All British citizens together with citizens of other Commonwealth countries and citizens of the Irish Republic living in Britain may vote, provided they are 18 years or over and not legally barred from voting. People not entitled to vote include prisoners, members of the House of Lords, and those kept in hospital for mental disorders.
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What does the relative majority method mean?

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Legislative power in Russia is vested in the two chambers of the Federal Assembly. The bicameral Federal Assembly, made up of the State Duma and the Federation Council, adopts federal law, declares war, approves treaties, and has power of impeachment, by which it can remove the President. The Upper Chamber is the Federation Council; the Lower Chamber is the State Duma. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. Legislature may be initiated in either of the two Chambers, but to become a law a bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill.

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In Los Angeles municipal courts, I did see judges and prosecutors carefully explaining to all defendants the charges against them, and informing them clearly of their rights. It was in keeping with the whole atmosphere of that city’s municipal courts. Throughout the country there are good law courts, conscientiously run and decently conducted, and Los Angeles is an outstanding example. Here the courtrooms are clean and well kept.
There is little complaint that the judges do not spend enough time in court.

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The magistrates’ court is the most common type of law court in the United Kingdom. The court system is dependent upon the legal profession to make it work. England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. 1_______. Each branch has its own characteristic functions and a separate governing body.
The traditional picture of the English lawyer is that the solicitor is the general practitioner, confined mainly to the office. The solicitor is the legal adviser of the public. 2_______. The barrister is the specialist adviser much of whose time is taken up with court-room appearance. 3_______. In court, barristers wear wigs and gowns in keeping with the extreme formality of the proceedings.
4_______.

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The profession of a lawyer is one of the most popular professions among the young people. 1_______.
Almost all universities and academies of Russia have a faculty of Law. 2_______. To be a good specialist, a lawyer should know many laws and their proper application. So the curriculum of the law school includes many compulsory and optional subjects important for their future work. Thus, first-year students study such subjects as philosophy, psychology, history of Russia, foreign language, mathematics, computer, sociology, Latin, history of religion, economics, and others.
3_______.
Graduates of any law high school can work in different courts, in notary offices, at the Bar, in organs of militia, in organs of the prosecutor’s office, in organs of tax inspection, as well as in different banks, companies, and enterprises, and firms. 4_______.