Прочитайте текст Authoritarian is the style of management accepted in the military forces. The respo...: ответ на тест 605456 - Английский язык

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Authoritarian is the style of management accepted in the military forces. The responsibility for accepted decisions lays at the top level of hierarchy, while the bottom levels of hierarchy implicitly carry out the orders of the higher ones.
This style of management is highly operative not only in terms of time, but also in terms of the scale of ranks (otherwise it wouldn’t be used in the army), it is also completely subjective and conservative. The efficiency of this principle depends on entirely on the accurate and detailed statement of the problem on higher levels. The given system requires strong rules and algorithms for performance of various actions; otherwise the system stays idle or carries out false commands. Along with that system is conservative and has a slight feedback, as the principles of management in military forces have hardly changed for many years.
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The principles of management in military forces have hardly changed ____________________.

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There are not so many companies in the world, which have the rules of control system usage. It is quite clear, that a skilled manager, using his own experience, applies principles of management style variation. However, it is rather dangerous to make a manager the only one responsible for it, as it has often caused the crash of many companies. The manager accepts a wrong decision, and using the authoritative principle, forces the whole company’s structure to work accordingly (“They misunderstood me, so they made it all wrong” – how often we hear it). On the other hand, if we use the consensus principle, a sluggish decision-making can provoke an effect of delay. In this case no one will be responsible for the company’s crash – it will be regarded as a bad destiny. It is necessary to mention that while creating management algorithms it is important to determine the management concepts accepted in the company, i.e. one staff member can understand something well, while for another one it may be so apparent.
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It is rather dangerous to make a manager the only one responsible for it, as it has often caused the crash ______________________.

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It will be wrong to say, that any of three systems (authoritarizm, compromise, consensus) is ideal from the point of view of management and decision-making. Each of them is good enough only in case it is properly used in specific time and conditions. That means that the style of management may change if the external changes occur. For example, in crisis period the transition from the compromise to the authoritative system for the bottom management staff can significantly increase labour productivity (this method was used by lots of enterprises during the second war).
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Each of these systems is good enough only in case it is properly used ______________.

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There are not so many companies in the world, which have the rules of control system usage. It is quite clear, that a skilled manager, using his own experience, applies principles of management style variation. However, it is rather dangerous to make a manager the only one responsible for it, as it has often caused the crash of many companies. The manager accepts a wrong decision, and using the authoritative principle, forces the whole company’s structure to work accordingly (“They misunderstood me, so they made it all wrong” – how often we hear it). On the other hand, if we use the consensus principle, a sluggish decision-making can provoke an effect of delay. In this case no one will be responsible for the company’s crash – it will be regarded as a bad destiny. It is necessary to mention that while creating management algorithms it is important to determine the management concepts accepted in the company, i.e. one staff member can understand something well, while for another one it may be so apparent.
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It is rather dangerous to make a manager the only one responsible for it, as it has often caused the crash ______________________.

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All the three principles (authoritarizm, compromise, consensus) are usually in state management. A consensus principle is used by legislative bodies or consultative (“we keep discussing until we find the truth”). The principle of compromise is used by executive bodies (carry out our orders, and we will pay your wages, and later pension). Authoritarian is used in church, where the true is undisputable and subject to obligators’ execution (“do not kill, do not steal, do not be vulgar, etc”) all these directions should naturally exist in a certain balance, otherwise there will occur different kinds of dictatorships and bum the fires with heretics, and the democracy (or parity relations between the authorities) will remain a dream.
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The principle of compromise is used ________________________.

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Two sayings sum up the “spirit of an organization”. One is the inscription on Andrew Carnegie’s tombstone: “Here lies a man who knew how to enlist in his service better men than himself”. The other is the slogan of the drive to find jobs for the physically handicapped: “It’s the abilities, not the disabilities, that count”.
Management by objective tells a manager what he ought to do. The proper organization of his job enables him to do it. But it is the spirit of the organization that determines whether he will do it. It is the spirit that motivates, that calls upon a man’s reserves of dedication and effort, that decides whether he will give his best or do just enough to get by.
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Management by objective tells a manager what ___________________.