Вопрос № 1072351 - Английский язык

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Public relations includes ongoing activities to ensure the company has a strong public image. Public relations activities include helping the public to understand the company and its products. Often, public relations are conducted through the media, that is, newspapers, television, magazines, etc. As noted above, public relations is often considered as one of the primary activities included in promotions.
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Public relations activities include helping the public to understand the company and its …

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Marie, accountant
“I work in the finance department of a large company. There are a lot of benefits. For example, if the company makes a profit, all the employees get a bonus. We also get a pension and private health insurance. The company pays for its staff to go on training courses to develop their professional skills. And we get free membership of the local gym.”
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Why does the company pay for training courses?

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What is management? Are there certain functions that all managers perform regardless of whether they’re company presidents, managers of departments, or supervisors of department sections?
If we watch managers at work, we might conclude that their jobs differ so widely in content and scope that no generalizations about management are possible.
One reason for this is that many managers, even top managers, do work that is not management at all. A simple example is the sales manager who actually sells and perhaps has a set of customers of his own, in addition to managing the sales force. Then there’s the “working foreman” or leadman who works right along with the group he’s supervising. In these cases the managers are actually spending only part of their time on management itself.
A second reason why it may be difficult to identify the functions common to all managers is that the scope of their activities differs widely.

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If we look closely at managers at work, we can see that fundamentally they are all performing – or should be performing – the same functions during the time they are actually managing rather than doing the work similar to that done by those under them.
These functions are planning, organizing, directing, controlling, staffing, leading, representing and decision making. None of the management functions can be performed without communication.

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A number of different terms are used for “manager”, including “director”, “administrator” and “president”. The term “manager” is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies.
What, then, is a manager?
When used collectively the term “management” refers to those people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within the system. An individual manager is a person who directly supervises people in an organization.

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Marketing people do not like to admit that they have anything to do with sales, but, obviously, the whole purpose of marketing is to create a situation in which a sale can be made.
Buying, selling, market research, transportation, storage, advertising – these are all parts of the complex area of business known as marketing. In simple terms, marketing means the movement of goods and services from manufacturer to customer in order to satisfy the customer and to achieve the company’s objectives.