Вопрос № 1072068 - Английский язык

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Everything happens because of energy. Without it there would be no life on Earth. Scientists classify energy into several different types, including chemical energy, light energy, and nuclear energy. Most types of energy can switch from one form to another. In a car, for example, gasoline provides chemical energy, which turns into mechanical energy, heat energy, and sound energy when the engine is started. All energy that comes from directly or indirectly from the Sun is known as radiant energy and makes up the electromagnetic spectrum.
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A body possesses energy when due to its position or condition it is capable of doing work and the work it can do is a measure of its energy.
Energy is of two forms: potential energy and kinetic energy. The potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body thanks to its position or configuration. For example, a lifted weight has potential energy due to the higher position into which it has been lifted since it can do work as it falls under the action of gravity. The potential energy of the weight in its highest position is the same as its kinetic energy after it has fallen to its lowest position.
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The potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body thanks to its __________________.

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Good and bad manners make up the social rules of a country. They are not always easy to learn because they are often not written down in books. For example, British women didn’t go into pubs at the beginning of this century because it was not considered respectable behaviour for a woman. Now both women and men drink freely in pubs and women are fully integrated into public life.
Visitors to Britain are often surprised by the strange behaviour of the inhabitants.
One of the worst mistakes is to get on a bus without waiting your turn in the queue. Queuing is a national habit and it is considered polite or good manners to wait for your turn.
In some countries it is considered bad manners to eat in the street, whereas in Britain it is common to see people having a snack whilst walking down the road, especially at lunchtime.
Britons may be surprised to see young children in restaurants in the evening because children are not usually taken out to restaurants late at night.
Social rules are an important part of our culture. The British have an expression for following these “unwritten rules”: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.
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The American flag is often called “The Stars and Stripes”, it is also called “Old Glory”. It represents the growth of the nation. It has 13 horizontal stripes, 7 red and 6 white which stand for the original 13 states. In the top left hand corner there are 50 white stars on a blue background: one star for each state.
The national anthem of the United States is “The Star Spangled Banner”. The words written during the Anglo-American war of 1812–1814 and set to the music of an old song. Every state has its own flag, its own emblem and its own anthem too.
The eagle became the national emblem of the country in 1782. It has an olive branch (a symbol of peace) and arrows (a symbol of strength). You can see the eagle on the back of a dollar bill.
The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy. This National Monument was a present from France to the USA. France gave the statue to America in 1884 as a symbol of friendship. Liberty carries the torch of freedom – in her right hand. In her left hand she is holding a tablet with the inscription “July 4, 1776” – American Independence Day.
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Long ago ancient Greeks often waged wars. Small states suffered and lost much even if they did not take any side and stayed out of wars. The ruler of such a small state, Elis, wanted to live in peace with all neighbours. He was a good diplomat because his negotiations were successful and Elis was recognized a neutral state. To celebrate this achievement, he organized athletic games.
In the beginning this feast lasted one day, but later a whole month was devoted to it. All wars and feuds were stopped by special heralds who rode in all directions of Greece.
The games were held every four years in Olympia on the territory of Elis. The first games which later were called the Olympic Games were held about a thousand years before our era.
Usually the Olympic Games began before the middle of the summer. Best athletes arrived from many Greek states to Olympia to compete in running, long jumps, throwing of discus and javelin and wrestling.
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First bicycles looked odd: a large (about 1.5 m high) front 1_______with a cranked axle.
The back wheel was usually smaller. 2_______were made of iron and riding them was not comfortable because of shaking. They were even called ”boneshakers”.
In 1868 rubber tyres were 3_______, first solid, then pneumatic. New types of bicycles 4_______every year but only in 1885 people saw a model which looked like modern cycles. It had two almost equal wheels and a chain drive to the rear wheel. The frame of the cycle was diamond-shaped.