Вопрос № 223864 - Английский язык

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The first railway in Russia using steam traction was an industrial line at Nizhni Tagil in the Urals, built in 1834, for which the first two steam locomotives in the country were constructed by father and son named Cherepanov. The first public railway was the Peterburg – Pavlovsk railway. At first it was opened from Pavlovsk to Tsarskoye Selo with horse traction in October, 1836. Locomotives were introduced in 1837.

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The first important railway construction from Petersburg to Moscow was begun in 1843 and opened to public traffic in 1851. That was a first-class double-track railway line, which linked two large industrial and cultural centres. It had 644 km in length, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were erected to make the line as straight and level as possible.

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The first important railway construction from Petersburg to Moscow was begun in 1843 and opened to public traffic in 1851. That was a first-class double-track railway line, which linked two large industrial and cultural centres. It had 644 km in length, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were erected to make the line as straight and level as possible.

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The first railway in Russia using steam traction was an industrial line at Nizhni Tagil in the Urals, built in 1834, for which the first two steam locomotives in the country were constructed by father and son named Cherepanov. The first public railway was the Peterburg – Pavlovsk railway. At first it was opened from Pavlovsk to Tsarskoye Selo with horse traction in October, 1836. Locomotives were introduced in 1837.

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Safe operation of freight and passenger trains requires a system of signaling. To inform the locomotive and train crew of the position of other trains in relation to their own, signals installed at frequent intervals give indications which are visible both by day and by night. Wayside signals installed along railroad tracks are called fixed signals.

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Coloured lights give the indications at night. The semaphore mechanism is equipped with lenses illuminated by a lamp, so that a red light shows when the semaphore is in the “stop” position, a green light – when the semaphore is in the “proceed” position, and a yellow light – when the semaphore is in the restrictive position. The colour-light signal sometimes used is known to have semaphore arm and give both day and night indications be means of red, green and yellow lights. We know some signals to be operated by hand, others to be automatic.