Вопрос № 1072660 - Английский язык

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The unit of currency in the USA is the US dollar. 1_______. There are 100 cents in a dollar. 2_______. The dollar is a bill, green on the back («greenback») and grey on the front. 3_______. All these bills are the same size and the same colour.
4_______.

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Did you ever have conversation with older adults that went something like: “When I was you age money could buy a lot more than it can these days …”
I guess that’s why they say “the good old days”.
In fact, the dollar was worth more “back in the good old days”, and 1_______ were a lot lower than they are today.
Economists use the terms purchasing power, or value, to describe the quantity and quality of goods and services we can buy with our 2_______. When prices increase, our money cannot buy as much. Its purchasing power declines. When prices fall, the opposite occurs. Or, to put it another way, when prices 3_______, the value of money falls; when prices fall, its value rises.
An extended period of rising prices is called inflation. One in which prices are falling is called deflation. The value of the dollar decreases during periods of inflation, and increases during 4_______ of deflation.
The purchasing power of the dollar has been shrinking during most of our century.

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Travelers’ checks are 1_______ sold in a variety of denominations by banks and travel agencies. Buyers pay the face amount of the check plus a small fee for the 2_______.
The 12 Federal Reserve banks order currency and coins from the Treasury, just as a supermarket orders different breakfast cereals to meet customers’ needs. If your neighbourhood bank doesn’t have enough cash on hand, or is short of certain denominations, such as $10 and $20 bills, it 3_______ what it needs from its account at the Reserve bank, just as someone might 4_______ a check at the neighbourhood bank to get currency.

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Did you ever have conversation with older adults that went something like: “When I was you age money could buy a lot more than it can these days …”
I guess that’s why they say “the good old days”.
In fact, the dollar was worth more “back in the good old days”, and 1_______ were a lot lower than they are today.
Economists use the terms purchasing power, or value, to describe the quantity and quality of goods and services we can buy with our 2_______. When prices increase, our money cannot buy as much. Its purchasing power declines. When prices fall, the opposite occurs. Or, to put it another way, when prices 3_______, the value of money falls; when prices fall, its value rises.
An extended period of rising prices is called inflation. One in which prices are falling is called deflation. The value of the dollar decreases during periods of inflation, and increases during 4_______ of deflation.
The purchasing power of the dollar has been shrinking during most of our century.

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A situation in which there is “too much money chasing too few goods” is often described as demand-pull inflation. When demand increases faster than industry’s ability to satisfy that demand, prices will increase. During the Vietnam War, for example, government spending for military goods served to increase the purchasing power of many Americans since it was not accompanied by a tax increase. Meanwhile, factories that might have been producing consumer goods turned to the production of goods for use in the war. The result was an increase in the demand for goods and services at the very time that industry’s ability to satisfy that demand was being redirected. Since it was not possible to increase output to satisfy demand, prices rose.
Ответьте на вопрос:
When do prices increase?

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A period of rising prices due to an increase in the cost of production is called cost-push inflation. When, for example, labour unions win wage increases greater than the workers’ increases in productivity, management may choose to raise prices to maintain profits. With prices going up, other unions and workers might demand wage increases to keep up with the increased cost of living, and so on, and so on, in an inflationary spiral. Similarly, efforts by producers to increase profits by increasing prices rather than by reducing costs could also trigger an inflationary spiral.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What happens when labour unions win wages increases?