Вопрос № 1072125 - Английский язык

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There are at least 20 kinds of organic heart disease that actually affect the heart muscle, the valves of the heart, or its inner or outer lining. There are also a number of functional disorders of the heart in which its function or action is altered, or in which symptoms are referred to the heart, but in which no actual damage to or lesions in the heart are discoverable. Heart trouble may be primary, or secondary to other diseases.
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What is the difference between organic heart disease and functional disorders of the heart?

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The most common and serious forms of organic heart disease are those affecting the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. These diseases are usually associated with high blood pressure (hypertension) and hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis). A heart attack is usually a case of coronary thrombosis. Heart failure may be a late consequence of any of these conditions, or others. This group of heart troubles is predominantly, but not exclusively, associated with the middle and later years of life.
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What do forms of organic heart disease influence?

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Infections are the chief cause of heart disease in childhood and early adult life.
Congenital heart defects, which develop before birth and are usually discovered shortly thereafter, account for about 2% of all heart defects. «Blue babies» have a congenital defect that permits the bluer venous blood to mix with arterial blood.
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When do congenital heart defects develop?

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Anemia signifies a decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells. It may be due to blood loss (open or hidden bleeding) or increased blood destruction (in the spleen), to faulty nutrition (e.g. lack of iron in the diet), poisons that depress the activity of the bone marrow, or other causes. Bone marrow, which makes blood, may be injured by heavy metal poisoning and some drugs, overdoses of X-ray, and tumors.

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Polycythemia means an increase in the number of circulating red blood cells or in the iron content of these cells. Sometimes this is a compensation for high altitudes or other conditions that decrease the normal oxygen supply. True polycythemia, however, is the result of abnormal production of red blood cells by the bone marrow. In this condition the blood often becomes heavier and stickier than normal, flows more slowly, clots too readily. The patient’s face looks constantly flushed and slightly blue. Treatment includes irradiation of the bone marrow, bleeding, and the use of some drugs.

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Leukemia, sometimes called cancer of the blood, is a disease, usually fatal, characterized by a great overgrowth of the tissues that form white blood cells. This overgrowth may occur in the lymph tissue or the bone marrow. The disease may progress slowly (chronic) or rapidly (acute). A great increase in the number of white blood cells is usually found, and there is also an increase in the undeveloped, immature forms of white blood cells. Some hopeful progress has been made in delaying the course of the disease with certain chemical substances.