Вопрос № 223842 - Английский язык

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Many of the robots today perform different jobs. Robots are used in various branches of industry. A modern robot is a complex structure with a number of components. Each of them performs a certain task. Scientists have developed new models of robots. Such robots are used for various purposes.
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What have scientists developed?

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By 2050, robots will replace people in factories. Many factories already use robots. Big companies prefer robots – they don’t ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere – in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops, and homes.

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G. Stephenson’s reputation as a mechanic was beginning to spread. He was asked by a firm to come as their mill engine was giving trouble. He soon found that the trouble with the engine was a lot of sand that was drawn into the pumps with the water. The sand also got into the mechanism of the engine. Thanks to Stephenson’s improvements the water from the well could reach the pump only by flowing over the rim of a box, while the heavier sand sank to the bottom outside the box.
This period when machinery was beginning to take the place of human labour is known as the First Industrial Revolution.
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Where did sand also get into?

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The properties of a metal can be further improved by use of heat treatment. Heat treatment is the term given to number of different procedures in which the properties of metals and alloys are changed. It usually consists of heating the metal or alloy to a selected temperature below its melting point and then cooling it at a certain rate to obtain those properties which are required. For example, hardening is used to make metals harder. Tempering makes them softer and less brittle. Annealing is carried out to make a metal soft so that it can be machined more easily. In this way, metallic materials can be produced to meet every kind of engineering specification and requirement.
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What makes metals softer and less brittle?

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Steel, copper and aluminium are used in making engineering products.
Steel is a grey plastic material. It is heavier than aluminium but it is the hardest and the strongest of these three metals.
Copper is a red metal. It is harder and stronger than aluminium and more flexible than steel. But copper is the heaviest and the most expensive metal. The lightest and the most flexible of these materials is aluminium. It is a white hard metal.
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What kind of metal is aluminium?

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Many people have just returned from enjoyable holiday in the South West of England. But as well as being a major tourist attraction, this region also contains a healthy industry which provides a wide range of machining services.
The company set up in 1999 is a family-run business. It specializes in the machining of various precision parts.
Two years ago the company bought a new machining centre. ‘Much of our work involves machining different sizes of parts and producing large numbers of holes’, says the managing director. ‘This machine centre will help us become more efficient and reduce the level of skill required for certain key operations.’
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When was the company set up?