Прочитайте текст и выполните задания Agricultural policy 1. Agricultural policy is the set of govern...: ответ на тест 1077940 - Английский язык

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Agricultural policy
1. Agricultural policy is the set of government decisions and actions relating to domestic agriculture and imports of foreign agricultural products. Governments usually implement agricultural policies with the goal of achieving a specific outcome in the domestic agricultural product markets.
2. Some overarching themes include risk management and adjustment (including policies related to climate change, food safety and natural disasters), economic stability (including policies related to taxes), natural resources and environmental sustainability (especially water policy), research and development, and market access for domestic commodities (including relations with global organizations and agreements with other countries).
3. Agricultural policy can also touch on food quality, ensuring that the food supply is of a consistent and known quality, food security, ensuring that the food supply meets the population’s needs, and conservation. Policy programs can range from financial programs, such as subsidies, to encouraging producers to enroll in voluntary quality assurance programs.
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Agricultural policy
1. Agricultural policy is the set of government decisions and actions relating to domestic agriculture and imports of foreign agricultural products. Governments usually implement agricultural policies with the goal of achieving a specific outcome in the domestic agricultural product markets.
2. Some overarching themes include risk management and adjustment (including policies related to climate change, food safety and natural disasters), economic stability (including policies related to taxes), natural resources and environmental sustainability (especially water policy), research and development, and market access for domestic commodities (including relations with global organizations and agreements with other countries).
3. Agricultural policy can also touch on food quality, ensuring that the food supply is of a consistent and known quality, food security, ensuring that the food supply meets the population’s needs, and conservation. Policy programs can range from financial programs, such as subsidies, to encouraging producers to enroll in voluntary quality assurance programs.
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What food characteristics are of interest to agricultural policy?

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Factory farming
1. Factory farming involves raising livestock in confinement at high stocking density, where a farm operates as a business – a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses. The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption. There have been issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable and ethical.
2. Confinement at high stocking density is one part of a systematic effort to produce the highest output at the lowest cost by relying on economies of scale, modern machinery, biotechnology, and global trade. Confinement at high stocking density requires antibiotics and pesticides to mitigate the spread of disease and pestilence exacerbated by these crowded living conditions. In addition, antibiotics are used to stimulate livestock growth by killing intestinal bacteria.
3. There are differences in the way factory farming techniques are practiced around the world. There is a continuing debate over the benefits, risks and ethical questions of factory farming. The issues include the efficiency of food production; animal welfare; whether it is essential for feeding the growing global population; the environmental impact and the health risks.
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A vitamin
1. A vitamin is an organic compound required by an organism as a vital nutrient in limited amounts. An organic chemical compound is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet.
2. Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Some have hormone-like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism (such as vitamin D), or regulators of cell and tissue growth and differentiation (such as some forms of vitamin A). Others function as antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E and sometimes vitamin C). The largest number of vitamins (such as B complex vitamins) functions as precursors for enzyme cofactors that help enzymes in their work as catalysts in metabolism.
3. Until the mid-1930s, when the first commercial yeast-extract vitamin B complex and semi-synthetic vitamin C supplement tablets were sold, vitamins were obtained solely through food intake, and changes in diet (which, for example, could occur during a particular growing season) usually greatly altered the types and amounts of vitamins ingested. However, vitamins have been produced as commodity chemicals and made widely available as inexpensive semisynthetic and synthetic-source multivitamin dietary and food supplements and additives, since the middle of the 20th century.
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Biology of Psychiatric Disorders
1. Psychiatric disorders are a diverse group of brain disorders with symptoms that primarily involve emotion, higher cognitive function, and the ability to control complex behaviors.
2. The major psychiatric disorders are common and often run a chronic course. The chronic disorders include anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia. Other psychiatric disorders such as depressive disorders recur across the life span, but even bipolar disorder, classically characterized as episodic, can run a chronic course.
3. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders often begin early, impairing the ability of children and adolescents to learn and compromising the functioning of adults at work and in other life roles. As a result of their high prevalence, early onset, and persistence, psychiatric disorders contribute substantially to the burden of illness in all countries in which they have been studied. In the United States they are not only a leading cause of disability but also a significant cause of premature death, because mood disorders, schizophrenia, and to some extent other psychiatric disorders constitute the most potent risk factors for suicide, a leading cause of death worldwide.
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Blood glucose level
1. The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis.
2. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body’s cells, and blood lipids (in the form of fats and oils) are primarily a compact energy store. Glucose is transported from the intestines or liver to body cells via the bloodstream, and is made available for cell absorption via the hormone insulin, produced by the body primarily in the pancreas.
3. The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L; however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day (termed «the fasting level»), and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimolar.
4. Blood sugar levels outside the normal range may be an indicator of a medical condition. A persistently high level is referred to as hyperglycemia; low levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, and is the most prominent disease related to failure of blood sugar regulation. Intake of alcohol causes an initial surge in blood sugar, and later tends to cause levels to fall. Also, certain drugs can increase or decrease glucose levels.
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