Вопрос № 223870 - Английский язык

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Coloured lights give the indications at night. The semaphore mechanism is equipped with lenses illuminated by a lamp, so that a red light shows when the semaphore is in the “stop” position, a green light – when the semaphore is in the “proceed” position, and a yellow light – when the semaphore is in the restrictive position. The colour-light signal sometimes used is known to have semaphore arm and give both day and night indications be means of red, green and yellow lights. We know some signals to be operated by hand, others to be automatic.

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Safe operation of freight and passenger trains requires a system of signaling. To inform the locomotive and train crew of the position of other trains in relation to their own, signals installed at frequent intervals give indications which are visible both by day and by night. Wayside signals installed along railroad tracks are called fixed signals.

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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Italian astronomer, physicist and mathematician Galileo Galilei changed the way we think. By inventing a mathematical approach to everyday experience, he discovered the laws of inertia, falling body and pendulum. With a telescope he built, he also made astronomic discoveries that convinced him of heliocentric view of the universe, which Copernicus had formulated earlier but had been afraid to publish. Galileo took the chance but he was forced to recant his findings before a Catholic Church tribunal in 1633.

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Isaac Newton (1642-1727). A passionately religious man in a time of great scientific discovery, Isaac Newton wanted to know how God’s universe worked. His quest for answers gave us the law of gravitation, calculus, a new theory of colour and light, and the three laws of motion that form the basis of modern mechanics. Brilliant and creative, the English physicist and mathematician synthesized the discoveries of Galileo, Kepler and others, formalizing and transforming physical science.

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Louis Paster (1822-1895). He was born practical problem-solver and theoretical genius. The French chemist discovered that heat would kill the unwanted micro- organisms that turned wine bitter. Soon the process of “pasteurization” was applied to many foods and drinks. Realizing that most diseases are caused by micro-organisms, he helped establish the germ theory. And using weakened microbes in vaccines to develop immunities, Paster saved countless lives and advanced the science of immunology.

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Thomas Edison (1847-1931). Because of him, the millennium will end in a wash of brilliant light rather than in torchlit of darkness as it began. In 1879, Thomas Edison gave humans the power to create light without fire, by inventing a long-lasting incandescent lamp. Among life’s many conveniences we can take for granted, thanks in part to him: copies, radio, movies, TV, phones (he improved Bell’s). On the night after his funerals, Americans dimmed their lights for the man who lit up the world.