Вопрос № 223487 - Английский язык

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Respiratory symptoms
1. Cough may indicate the presence of lung disease, but cough per se is not useful for the differential diagnosis. The presence of sputum accompanying the cough often suggests airway disease and may be seen in asthma, chronic bronchitis, or bronchiectasis.
2. Hemoptysis can originate from disease of the airways, the pulmonary parenchyma, or the vasculature. Diseases of the airways can be inflammatory (acute or chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis) or neoplastic (bronchogenic carcinoma or bronchial carcinoid tumors). Parenchymal diseases causing hemoptysis may be either localized (pneumonia, lung abscess, tuberculosis, or infection with Aspergillus) or diffuse (Goodpasture's syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis). Vascular diseases potentially associated with hemoptysis include pulmonary thromboembolic disease and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
3. Chest pain caused by diseases of the respiratory system usually originates from involvement of the parietal pleura. As a result, the pain is accentuated by respiratory motion and is often referred to as pleuritic. Common examples include primary pleural disorders, such as neoplasm or inflammatory disorders involving the pleura, or pulmonary parenchymal disorders that extend to the pleural surface, such as pneumonia or pulmonary infarction.
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Respiratory symptoms
1. Cough may indicate the presence of lung disease, but cough per se is not useful for the differential diagnosis. The presence of sputum accompanying the cough often suggests airway disease and may be seen in asthma, chronic bronchitis, or bronchiectasis.
2. Hemoptysis can originate from disease of the airways, the pulmonary parenchyma, or the vasculature. Diseases of the airways can be inflammatory (acute or chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis) or neoplastic (bronchogenic carcinoma or bronchial carcinoid tumors). Parenchymal diseases causing hemoptysis may be either localized (pneumonia, lung abscess, tuberculosis, or infection with Aspergillus) or diffuse (Goodpasture's syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis). Vascular diseases potentially associated with hemoptysis include pulmonary thromboembolic disease and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
3. Chest pain caused by diseases of the respiratory system usually originates from involvement of the parietal pleura. As a result, the pain is accentuated by respiratory motion and is often referred to as pleuritic. Common examples include primary pleural disorders, such as neoplasm or inflammatory disorders involving the pleura, or pulmonary parenchymal disorders that extend to the pleural surface, such as pneumonia or pulmonary infarction.
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Disorders involving the pleura …

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Mellaril
Indication: For nervous aged patients with senile phychosis.
For patients with disorderly behaviour, sudden changes in mood.
Mellaril helps to calm nervous patients. It reduces nervousness, anxiety, excitement.
Dosage: The doctor will prescribe the daily number of tablets for the patient.

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Approximately one third of our life is spent asleep but when I started to think about sleep, I realized that my mind was completely blank. One day I went to spend a weekend with Dr Hernandez, director of the local Sleep Laboratory.
First of all I wanted to know why we sleep. Dr Hernandez said: “Well, years ago we didn’t really know, but recent science has shown that people who don’t sleep enough soon get ill and often die.”
I wondered if our bodies experience any changes while we sleep. Dr Hernandez replied: “In some stages of sleep the heart rate and our breathing slow down but in other stages the opposite happens – the heart rate increases and our breathing becomes quite rapid. During the night our body temperature drops by one or two degrees too.”

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In the laboratory there were six volunteers fast asleep with wires attached to their heads. The wires were connected to a monitor. The monitor was measuring the brain’s electrical activity and showed which of the four stages of sleep the volunteers were in.
I wanted to know what happened in the different stages. Dr Hernandez explained:
“After we have slept through the four stages – which takes about 40 minutes – we then go backwards through the stages again, four, three, two, one. Stage four is the deepest sleep. Each stage is deeper than the one before. Look now at the volunteers’ eyes. Those rapid eye movements (REM) are telling us that they are dreaming. If we wake them up now they’ll remember their dreams quite clearly.”

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There is a state service in Britain called the National Health Service (NHS). Anyone can go see a GP and this costs nothing. (The service is free for foreigners too in an emergency.) If the doctor thinks you need some medicine, he writes you a prescription, which you take to the chemist’s. Most people have to pay a small charge for a prescription. Although medical treatment, including hospital treatment, costs NHS patients almost nothing, there are some problems: you often have to sit in crowded waiting rooms with a lot of ill people; doctors and nurses are overworked; people may have to wait for months for a minor operation because there aren’t enough hospital beds. People who have serious illnesses, however, get immediate medical treatment.