Вопрос № 224021 - Английский язык

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Great Britain is one of the world’s leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. Great Britain also must import about 40% of its food supplies. Thus the country’s prosperity is heavily dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. Service industries employed about 60% of the workforce, while manufacturing accounted for just over 25%.
Within the manufacturing sector itself, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; motor vehicles and parts; aircraft; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; petroleum; coal; food processing; paper and printing; textile; and clothing.

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Britain used to have many manufacturing industries, but since the Second World War its service industries, especially banking and retailing, have expanded. Between 1951 and 1991, the percentage of people working in service industries rose from 36 per cent to 71 per cent. The number of people working in manufacturing industries has gone down.
Heavy industries, including steel manufacture and shipbuilding, have been replaced by high-technology manufacturing industries, such as aeroplane engine manufacture and pharmaceuticals.

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Agriculture in the United Kingdom accounts for less than 2 percent of the gross national product (GNP) and employs some 2 percent of the work force. Farming is highly mechanized, though farms are not extremely large, and is dominated by the raising of sheep and cattle. The United Kingdom is not agriculturally self-sufficient. Chief crops include barley, wheat, sugar beets, and potatoes.

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The mineral industry in the United Kingdom accounts for approximately 6 percent of the gross national product (GNP) but employs less than 1 percent of the work force. Production from oil fields in the North Sea has allowed the United Kingdom to become virtually self-sufficient in petroleum. The United Kingdom’s coal industry, despite its steady decline since the early 1950s, remains one of the largest - and most technologically advanced in Europe.

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Chief imports of Great Britain are: metallic ores, except iron ore, food. Chief exports are: china, automobiles and other vehicles, wooden goods, steel, electrical and mechanical machinery, tractors, scientific instruments, chemicals, petroleum.

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The US economy consists of three main sectors - the primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Primary economic activities are those directly involving the natural environment, including agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining, and usually contribute about 4 per cent of the yearly gross national product (GNP).