Вопрос № 933258 - Английский язык

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Imports must be paid for in a currency that is acceptable to the seller. In order to facilitate these transactions, there is a market for the currencies of all trading nations. The selling price of one nation’s currency in terms of the currencies of other nations is known as its “exchange rate”. Exchange rates fluctuate in accordance with the laws of supply and demand.

Imports must be paid for in a currency that is acceptable to the seller. In order to facilitate these transactions, there is a market for the currencies of all trading nations. The selling price of one nation’s currency in terms of the currencies of other nations is known as its “exchange rate”. Exchange rates fluctuate in accordance with the laws of supply and demand.
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The bank has become a characteristic institution of 1_______ economic life. The business of the bank is to accept deposits from the public and lend money to businessmen. The 2_______ thus deal in debts. They are debtors to all depositors, and if someone borrows from the bank, he or she will become a debtor to the bank. The banks 3_______ a small amount of interest – say about one to two per cent to the depositors, and charge about six to seven per cent from the borrowers. The difference is earned by the bank and out of it all administrative and other 4_______ are incurred.

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The banks in their 1_______ form gradually evolved in England, where the 2_______ men used to deposit their cash and other valuables with the goldsmith for safe custody. These goldsmiths learnt out of experience, that out of the total deposits, hardly more than ten per cent were withdrawn by the depositor on any day. Therefore, if they had kept about ten per cent reserve cash to meet the 3_______ from the depositors, they would have loaned the remaining amounts to borrowers earning interest out of these loans. This gradually became a regular practice and they started paying a small interest to depositors to 4_______ more deposits. Out of this system the modern institution of Banking developed.

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Apart from lending and borrowing, the banks also 1_______ some other functions of minor importance. For example, many 2_______ maintain safe deposit vaults. If you hired a vault on an annual 3_______ of a certain rent, you could keep your valuable articles there under lock and key. The bank also performs some 4_______ like acting as a trustee, or as a custodian of property belonging to a minor and so on. It charges a small fee for rendering these services.

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The banks no doubt perform very 1_______ functions. They collect small savings of depositors and make them available for investment in trade. They also create 2_______ in the form of credit, and offer financial assistance for genuine business purposes. The banking system will become dangerous to the society, only if it fails to maintain the confidence of depositors. The bank should also keep some investments liquid enough to be cashed at any time, to meet emergencies, and the central bank should always try to 3_______ the commercial banks in times of their difficulties. If these precautions are maintained, the banking 4_______ will be very useful in the economic life of a country.