Вопрос № 857106 - Английский язык

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Tin is a silvery metal which is not corroded by air. The chief use is for making tin plate, i.e. sheetiron coated with tin. Tin plate is suitable for cans in which acid fruit and other food-stuffs are packed because tin is not attacked by weak acids. For good containers, iron is coated with tin instead of zinc because tin is not subject to attack by acids in food.

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[6] Another acids

                                                       Текст II
Acids which do not contain the element carbon are known as acids inorganic [1]. Almost inorganic acids [2] are prepared from the non-living matter [3]. These acids can be divided into classes [4] according to the number of atoms in each molecule which a metal atom can replace. Those [5] which have only one replaceable hydrogen atom in each molecule are known as monobasic acids. Another acids [6] may contain either two or three replaceable hydrogen atoms in each molecule and these are known as dibasic and tribasic acids, respectively. All the atoms of hydrogen in molecules of inorganic acids are replaceable by the metal atom [7]. Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is an example of an inorganic monobasic acid [8]. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is dibasic. The orthophosphoric acid (H3PO7) [9], whose molecules contain three atoms of hydrogen is tribasic. In contrast with [10], organic acetic acid (H4C2O2) molecules each contain four hydrogen atoms; however, only one of these can be replaced by a metal. Although [11], acetic acid is classified as a monobasic acid [12].
                                                  Master, P. English Grammar and Technical Writing

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Atomic energy must serve peaceful purposes only. This is what Academician Igor Kurchatov (1903-1960) worked for until his death.
His team of scientists worked on application of atomic energy in such fields as chemistry, geology, biology and medicine. Academician Kurchatov headed the Atomic Energy Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (which is now bears his name) where a great deal of progress has been made in the complicated field of controlling thermo-nuclear reactions.
In 1940 Flerov and Petrzhak, two Russian Scientists, experimentally detected spontaneous nuclear fission of uranium and determined its average life-time.
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What did Kurchatov’s team of scientists work on?

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Yellow and brown diamonds are good only for industrial purposes and cost much cheaper than the white and blue ones. But with the coming of nuclear age, the colour of the diamonds can be changed by radiation from a nuclear reactor.
A nuclear reactor emits neutrons which give diamonds a greenish colour.
Beta rays produced by a cyclotron colour the diamonds blue. In both cases the colour changes as a result of the impact of the atomic particles on the diamonds’ structure. The radiated diamonds do not become radio-active and can be worn safely.
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What colour do neutrons give diamonds?

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Cars and airplanes can be very fast. Ships in the ocean are slower. Why is that? Mostly, it is because of the resistance of the water. Water is much more difficult to go through than air.
One idea was to design the hull (sides of a ship) to rise higher out of the water as the ship went faster. This was tried, but the ship could not go fast enough to make a smooth ride. It was finally decided that the whole ship must rise out of the water.

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About 350 years ago, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) changed scientists’ attitudes towards Science. He developed the scientific method used to obtain theories that explain how nature works. This method, which is still in use today, includes the following steps:
– Identification of the problem.
– Formulation of a hypothesis based on collected and analysed data.
– Testing of the hypothesis to check its validity.
– Development of a theory.