Вопрос № 800709 - Английский язык

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One who obtains money or other property from another person by lying about a past or existing fact is guilty of false pretenses (also known as false representation). This crime differs from larceny because the victim parts with the property voluntarily. False pretenses is a type of fraud.

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Larceny (commonly known as theft) is the wrongful taking of money or personal property belonging to someone else. Variations of larceny include robbery (taking property person in immediate presence and against the victim’s will, and by force or by causing fear) and burglary (entering a building with the intent to commit a crime). Other types of larceny include shoplifting, pickpocketing, and purse snatching.

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Forgery is falsely making or altering any writing (for example the signature of another person). In forgery there must be intent to defraud either the person whose name is signed or someone else. The most common forgeries are found on checks when one has signed another’s name without permission to do so. Forgery also includes altering a check, such as when one changes “$7” to “$70” and “Seven” to “Seventy”. Forgery is usually a felony.

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Government is the 1_________through which the public will be expressed and made effective. Sometimes the 2__________ will be voiced by the people directly, through the agency of the initiate and referendum, but more often it is made by manifest by action of their elected representatives in 3__________, 4________ and municipal councils.

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A contract is an agreement, which is enforced by law. This agreement normally results from an exchange of promises.
For example, a husband and wife want their house painted. A painter examines the building and offers (promises) to do the job for $1,500 during the next month. The owners could accept the offer by promising to pay the price. For a contract to arise, the painter as offerer (one who makes the offer) must make a definite offer, and generally the offeree (one to whom the offer is made) must accept the offer exactly as presented. Of course, the parties may negotiate additional details. The homeowners could reject the offer by demanding a lower price or earlier completion. The painter, in turn, could accept or reject such a counteroffer. Without both offer and acceptance, there is no agreement. No particular language need be used. The intent of the parties is the important thing.
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Who is the offeree?

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An offer is a proposal by an offerer to do or not to do some specific thing in the future, provided the offeree agrees with stated conditions. If the offeree accepts the proposal, a contract arises. Generally, to be an offer, a proposal must be:
1) intended to create a legal obligation
2) definite, and
3) communicated to the offeree.
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What characteristics must a proposal have to become an offer?