Вопрос № 223850 - Английский язык

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Charles Macintosh was a chemist by profession. He worked in textile industry and in 1823 he developed a rubber solution used for raincoat production. Raincoats with this rubber solution didn’t allow water to penetrate. These raincoats were called makintoshes and people use them in rainy weather.

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If sugar is dissolved in water and the ultimate sugar particle is of molecular dimensions, then a true solution is formed. On the other hand, if very fine sand is mixed with water, consisting of many molecules, then a colloidal solution is formed.
From the pharmaceutical point of view solutions of solids in liquids are of the greatest importance.
The extent of solubility of different substances varies, but it has a constant value at constant temperature.

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The power may come, for example, from an animal as in the case of a horse-drawn cart, from wind as for the sailing ship and windmill. Here the man is fully responsible for controlling the system but he requires devices such as switches, pedals and steering wheels to control the power system.

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The single-process machine or a tool with built-in auto-control can perform any process whenever it is fed with raw materials by the operator. It has its own source of power. An example is the automatic lathe in the use early in the 20th century.

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Level 5 is the robot. This is the system which is powered and programmed to produce a succession of identical products or carry out a series of similar operations. The human can instruct the robot to vary its actions in accordance with variations which it observes in the surrounding situation.

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Since the Stone Age, man has found many more materials that he can work with to his advantage. His ingenuity has led him to discover the potential of many natural products. However, the materials that helped him most to develop were the metals.