Вопрос № 800783 - Английский язык

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Private corporations are classified as profit-making, nonprofit, and public service corporations. A profit-making corporation is a private corporation organized to produce a financial profit for its owners. Examples abound: banks, manufacturing and merchandising companies, and airlines. A nonprofit corporation is organized for a social, charitable, or educational purpose. Churches, colleges, fraternal societies are typically organized as nonprofit corporations. Finally, a public service corporation (also called a public utility) is generally a private company that furnishes an essential public service. Electric, gas, and water companies are examples.

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А corporation is a business 1_________ authorized by the state to conduct business and is a separate legal entity from its owners. It is the dominant form of American 2__________ because it 3__________ it possible gather large amounts of capital together.
Before a corporation may do business, it must apply for and receive a charter from the state. The state must approve the articles of incorporation, describe the 4__________ purpose and structure of proposed corporation.

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Private corporations are classified as profit-making, nonprofit, and public service corporations. A profit-making corporation is a private corporation organized to produce a financial profit for its owners. Examples abound: banks, manufacturing and merchandising companies, and airlines. A nonprofit corporation is organized for a social, charitable, or educational purpose. Churches, colleges, fraternal societies are typically organized as nonprofit corporations. Finally, a public service corporation (also called a public utility) is generally a private company that furnishes an essential public service. Electric, gas, and water companies are examples.

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Typically, a corporation is formed as a result of the efforts of one or more persons called promoters. These individuals bring together interested persons and take the preliminary steps to form a corporation. Regardless of the promoters’ efforts, however, the resulting corporation is not liable on any contract made on its behalf. The promoters cannot bind an organization that is still to be created. Usually, though, once it comes into being, the corporation adopts the contracts and is bound by them.

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Articles of incorporation are drafted, and when submitted to the proper state official (usually the Secretary of State) they are a plan that serves as an application for incorporation. In most states, when the articles are properly filed, the corporate existence begins. The articles are signed and submitted by one or more persons called incorporators. At least one of the incorporators must have legal capacity to enter into a binding contract. Thus, the incorporators cannot all be minors.

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In some states, the incorporators file a certificate of incorporation instead of articles of incorporation, but with the same result. Many years ago, when a corporation was created by a special act of the legislature, a charter was issued. Today the word charter refers broadly to the articles (or certificate) of incorporation taken in connection with the governing statutory law. It also may refer to the contract that exists between the state and the corporation.