Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого слова The first important railway c...: ответ на тест 223865 - Английский язык

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The first important railway construction from Petersburg to Moscow was begun in 1843 and opened to public traffic in 1851. That was a first-class double-track railway line, which linked two large industrial and cultural centres. It had 644 km in length, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were erected to make the line as straight and level as possible.

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The first important railway construction from Petersburg to Moscow was begun in 1843 and opened to public traffic in 1851. That was a first-class double-track railway line, which linked two large industrial and cultural centres. It had 644 km in length, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were erected to make the line as straight and level as possible.

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Safe operation of freight and passenger trains requires a system of signaling. To inform the locomotive and train crew of the position of other trains in relation to their own, signals installed at frequent intervals give indications which are visible both by day and by night. Wayside signals installed along railroad tracks are called fixed signals.

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We know that the semaphore used to be the most common type of the signal. The relative position of the semaphore arm constituted the signal.
To indicate “stop” a horizontal arm was used. “Proceed” was indicated by a vertical arm. To give restrictive indications the arm was inclined up or down.

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Isaac Newton (1642-1727). A passionately religious man in a time of great scientific discovery, Isaac Newton wanted to know how God’s universe worked. His quest for answers gave us the law of gravitation, calculus, a new theory of colour and light, and the three laws of motion that form the basis of modern mechanics. Brilliant and creative, the English physicist and mathematician synthesized the discoveries of Galileo, Kepler and others, formalizing and transforming physical science.

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Louis Paster (1822-1895). He was born practical problem-solver and theoretical genius. The French chemist discovered that heat would kill the unwanted micro- organisms that turned wine bitter. Soon the process of “pasteurization” was applied to many foods and drinks. Realizing that most diseases are caused by micro-organisms, he helped establish the germ theory. And using weakened microbes in vaccines to develop immunities, Paster saved countless lives and advanced the science of immunology.