Вопрос № 1072175 - Английский язык

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A laptop computer or simply laptop, also called a notebook computer or sometimes a notebook, is a small personal computer designed for mobility. Usually all of the interface hardware needed to operate the laptop, such as parallel and serial ports, graphic card, sound channel, etc., are built in to a single unit. Most laptops contain batteries to facilitate operations without a readily available electrical outlet. In the interest of saving power, weight and space, they usually share RAM with the video channel, slowing their performance compared to an equivalent desktop machine.

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MS-DOS is an operating system - a piece of software which looks after the running of your computer. It lets you create and keep track of files, run and link programs, and make use of peripheral devices (for example, printers and disk drives) attached to your computer.
Because your computer can run with one of several different operating systems (for example, MS-DOS, CP/M) the operating system is not built into the computer. Instead it is loaded from disk when the computer is started up.
Once the operating system has been loaded into the computer’s memory the disk from which it was loaded may be removed if required. The operating system needs to be reloaded only if part has been overwritten (when using very large programs, for example) or when the computer is restarted.
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Can your computer run with many different operating systems?

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A pocket PC is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer (personal digital assistant) that runs Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. It may have the capability to run an alternative operating system like NetBSD or Linux. It has many of the capabilities of modern desktop PCs.
Currently there are tens of thousands of applications for handhelds adhering to Microsoft Pocket PC specification, many of which are freeware. Some of these devices also include mobile phone features. Microsoft compliant Pocket PCs can also be used with many other add-ons like GPS receivers, barcode readers, RFID readers, and cameras.

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An operating system (commonly abbreviated to either OS or O/S) is the interface between the computer hardware and the user; with the kernel which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the limited resources of the computer. 1_______. As the host, one of the purposes of the operating system is to handle the details of the operation of the hardware. 2_______. Almost all computers, including handheld computers, desktop computers, supercomputers, and even video game consoles, use an operating system of some type. Some of the oldest models may however use the embedded operating system, that may be contained on a compact disk or other data storage device.
Operating systems offer a number of services to application programs and users. 3_______. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. 4_______.

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The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be programmed. 1_______.
In most cases, computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move some data from one location to another, send a message to some external device, etc. 2_______. However, there are usually specialized instructions to tell the computer to jump ahead or backwards to some other place in the program and to carry on executing from there. 3_______. Furthermore, the “jump” instructions may be made to happen conditionally so that different sequences of instructions may be used depending on the result of some previous calculation or some external events. 4_______.

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Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random access memory or RAM and read-only memory or ROM. 1_______. ROM is typically used to store the computer initial start-up instructions. 2_______. In a PC, ROM contains a specialized program called BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer operating system from the hard disk driver into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drivers, all the required software may be stored in ROM. 3_______. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. 4_______.