Вопрос № 1072694 - Английский язык

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Enforcing the law
1. Governments have many ways to be sure that citizens obey the law. They explain to the public what the law is and try to provide social support for law and order. They use police forces to investigate crimes and catch criminals. They use courts to complete the investigation of criminal and civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others. And they try to re-educate and reform people who have broken the law. Which of these is most effective in enforcing the law?
 2. The laws of all countries are in written records – the legal codes of countries, etc. Many people do not know where to find these records. But ignorance of the law is almost never a defence for breaking it. Governments usually expect citizens to know the laws. However, there are many laws, such as those prohibiting theft, assault and dangerous driving, which simply reflect social and moral attitudes to everyday behavior. In such cases a person knows he is breaking the law, even if he doesn't know exactly which law it is.
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What are the main functions of the police in enforcing the law?

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Enforcing the law
1. Governments have many ways to be sure that citizens obey the law. They explain to the public what the law is and try to provide social support for law and order. They use police forces to investigate crimes and catch criminals. They use courts to complete the investigation of criminal and civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others. And they try to reeducate and reform people who have broken the law. Which of these is most effective in enforcing the law?
 2. The laws of all countries are in written records – the legal codes of countries, etc. Many people do not know where to find these records. But ignorance of the law is almost never a defence for breaking it. Governments usually expect citizens to know the laws. However, there are many laws, such as those prohibiting theft, assault and dangerous driving, which simply reflect social and moral attitudes to everyday behavior. In such cases a person knows he is breaking the law, even if he doesn't know exactly which law it is.
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What are the main functions of the police in enforcing the law?

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Many controversies cannot be settled by the parties or by arbitration. When other methods for resolving conflicts and controversies cannot or have not succeeded there must be an ultimate method for accomplishing this goal. Our system of government has selected courts for this purpose. Courts settle controversies between persons and between persons and the state.
The role of law applied by the court to the facts as found by the jury or court produces a decision that settles the controversy. Although there are obviously other agencies of government that resolve controversies, it is peculiar to our system that for final decision all controversies may ultimately end up in court.

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It happened in America not longer after its colonization by the Spaniards. A Spaniard stole an Indian’s horse. 1_______. The Indian applied to the court and brought witnesses who could testify it was his horse. 2_______. The Indian knew this, and he invented a trick how to deceive the judge. 3_______. The judge at once noticed that the Indian had something under his arm and decided the case in the Indian’s favour. He ordered the horse to be returned to the Indian and punished the Spaniard for theft. 4_______. The Indian showed him the stone and told it was meant for the judge in case he would had decided in Spaniard’s favour. It was a good lesson for the bad judge, and he gave up the habit of taking bribes.

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Violence has become an accepted way of life in America. There are different explanations for this phenomenon. 1_______. The weapon is being bought not only by criminals but by law-abiding citizens, too, to protect themselves.
2_______. To buy drugs teenagers need money, so they try to get it by robbing, committing burglary or even murdering people.
3_______. Watching TV, you are being fed with all kind of killings, beatings, gunfights and so on. 4_______. And it’s not surprising that juvenile crime record is constantly growing.

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1_______.
Democracy requires that all people be as free as possible to develop their own capacities. 2_______. That would result in chaos. 3_______. Government in a democracy works to promote that kind of equality.
4_______. People who are out of work or unable to feed their families often become more concerned about security than about voting.