Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами 1______________ is the technolog...: ответ на тест 781331 - Английский язык

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1______________ is the technology of constructing electronic circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various techniques. This 2_______________ is also referred to as microminiaturization.
The increasing complexity of electronic systems over the past 30 years has made the evolution of microelectronics inevitable. During this 3_______________, the electron tubes in the early electronic systems have been replaced by solid-state discrete devices and integrated circuitry; and these, in turn, 4_____________ way to medium- and large-scale integrated circuitry.

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1______________ is the technology of constructing electronic circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various techniques. This 2_______________ is also referred to as microminiaturization.
The increasing complexity of electronic systems over the past 30 years has made the evolution of microelectronics inevitable. During this 3_______________, the electron tubes in the early electronic systems have been replaced by solid-state discrete devices and integrated circuitry; and these, in turn, 4_____________ way to medium- and large-scale integrated circuitry.

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, thick-film, hybrid, and integrated circuit technology. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in . 1________________ branch of electronics.
Integrated 2____________ that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.

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The conventional circuit would require approximately 40 separate discrete 1___________, 200 connections, 40 hermetic seals, and 300 2_____________ processing operations with each operation, seal, and connection representing a possible source of failure. However, if all the elements of this circuit 3_______________ upon one chip of silicon, the number of connection drops to about 14. All circuit elements are interconnected inside the package by a process known as vapour metallization; instead of 40 hermetic seals there is one, and the three 4_______________ processing operations are reduced to approximately 30.

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Electronics is one of the main 1_____________, which forms the 2_______________ basis for using these new methods. Electronics studies the problems connected with the application of instruments and 3_____________, the action of which is based on the utilization of various phenomena that result from the movement of 4______________ through vacuum, gases and solid bodies.

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Electronic computers are widely used in 1_______________ research аnd industrial designing. Huge radio-telescopes, 2_____________ with sensitive instruments and powerful
amplifiers enable man 3_______________ an insight into the remotest corners of space, discover 4_________________ and puzzling phenomena of nature.