Вопрос № 911703 - Английский язык

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In explaining the watery solution of sugar, it has been stated that the 1_______ of such solutions divides the sugar into particles, called 2_______, so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. These molecules are distinguished by the great speed at which they 3________. Molecules, which are found in all substances, travel fastest in gases, less rapidly in 4_______, and very slowly in solids.

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A solution forms when one substance (usually solid) dissolves in another (usually a liquid). The solid breaks up into tiny particles and spreads throughout the liquid. 1_______. Solutions are always clear. 2_______. Solid particles spread throughout the liquid. 3_______. If you leave a suspension to stand, most of the solid particles will eventually sink. 4_______.

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What is a crystal? A crystal is a 1_______ solid made by a natural process. Many substances absorb water from solutions when they crystallize; that is, they unite chemically with a definite proportion of 2_______. The water with which any substance unites during the process of crystallization is called the water of crystallization.
Certain 3_______ substances, for example, washing soda, give up their water of crystallization when they are exposed air; they are then reduced to 4_______. Substances that have this property are called efflorescent, and the process is called efflorescence.

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Most people describe water as a 1_______ liquid. They know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called 2_______, and heated on a fire becomes a vapour called steam. But water, they say, is a liquid. Now we know that water consists of molecules composed of two 3_______ of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O. This is equally true of the solid called the ice and the gas called steam. Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all made up of 4_______ with the formula H2O.

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How is a body that exhibits magnetism called?
It has been known for centuries that certain black, heavy stones have the property of attracting iron, this property being called magnetism. A body that exhibits magnetism is called a magnet. The two parts of a magnet that show the strongest magnetism are called the North pole and the South pole. Magnets not only affect ordinary iron, but they affect one another. When a pole of one magnet is brought towards a pole of the second magnet, they will repel if both are north poles or both are south poles, but they will attract if one is a north pole and the other a south pole.

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What is the best conductor of electricity?
Electricity and magnetism are closely connected. Almost all metals are good conductors of electricity, with copper being one of the best conductors of all. Glass, paper, rubber are the most common non-conductors or insulators.
Many practical applications have resulted from the utilization of the magnetic effect of an electric current.
These effects are used in motors, in most electric meters (ammeters, voltmeters and galvanometers), in electromagnets and in practically all electromechanical apparatus.