Вопрос № 1072293 - Английский язык

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What does construction of a building start with? Construction of any building usually starts with excavation. Excavation is a process necessary for the construction of every modern building.
It is a well-known fact that there exist different kinds of soil. It is also known that the structure of the soil is of great importance for excavation. The foundation of a building should never be placed on organic soils because soils of this kind are easily decomposed. They are decomposed because water and wind change their structure. So, if the upper stratum of soil is organic, it must be removed from the construction area in order to guard the foundation of the building against water and wind erosion. Further excavation may take place only after the upper organic stratum has been removed. In colder climates the foundations should be placed below the level to which the ground freezes in winter.

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What does construction of a building start with? 1 _______. Excavation is a process necessary for the construction of every modern building.
2 _______. It is also known that the structure of the soil is of great importance for excavation. The foundation of a building should never be placed on organic soils because soils of this kind are easily decomposed. 3 _______. So, if the upper stratum of soil is organic, it must be removed from the construction area in order to guard the foundation of the building against water and wind erosion. 4 _______.

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It is a well-known fact that every building needs permanent stability. In order to have stability, buildings should have foundations. We know that the function of a foundation is to transfer the loads of a building into the soil. Foundations keep the walls and the floors of buildings from direct contact with the soil. They guard the walls and the floors against the action of the weather – rain, snow and wind. They also guard buildings against sinking that may cause cracks in the walls. Foundation design is very special. It may be both rather complex or very simple.
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Materials used for construction purposes possess different properties. They differ in durability, strength, weight, fire-and decay-resistance and, naturally, cost. Wood, brick, stone, concrete, metals, and plastics belong to the most popular building materials used nowadays. They all have their advantages and disadvantages that are taken into account when designing a structure.
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Aluminum is a considerably new structural material. For a long period it was considered to be rather expensive since its production required the use of electric power. Because of its relatively high cost, aluminum was not very popular as a construction material till the middle of the twentieth century. But now the situation is absolutely different. Aluminum and aluminum-alloys are extremely popular and widely used in various forms for construction purposes. The advantages of aluminum, compared with other popular metals, are its high strength combined with lightness.
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Wood has been a highly used 1_______ material since prehistoric times. Among other highly used building materials there are concrete, steel, brick, stone, and plastics. Being the oldest building material, 2_______ is also known to be the only naturally growing organic material. Among other advantages of wood there are its low cost, 3_______ weight, and high workability. But, as any other construction material, wood has its 4_______. The main ones are the following – it is not fire-resistant, it easily burns.