Вопрос № 800561 - Английский язык

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The function of a cladding is to prevent the passage of air between indoors and outdoors of a 1_______. For this purpose it is necessary to regulate air velocities within the building. Even small air leaks are extremely 2_______. Why is it so?
It is because air leaks 3_______ water through the wall, allow vapor to condensate inside the walls, and allow noises to penetrate the 4_______ of the building from outside.

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What is the major purpose of cladding?
Cladding is a material used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building. The cladding of a building is its most visible part. Its major purpose is to separate the indoor environment of a building from the outdoors.
Cladding must prevent the entry of water, snow and ice into a building. Water on the face of a building is known to be driven by wind not only in a downward direction, but in every other direction, even upward.
Water problems, that is keeping water out, are especially great on very tall buildings. These buildings rise to height where wind velocities are extremely high.
They are much higher than a ground level. It should be taken into account that on tall buildings water tends to penetrate the smallest crack or hole and enter the building.

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Practically every modern building is supplied with stairways of some kind. A stairway is designed to provide a means of access between different floor levels of a building. Nowadays stairways are produced of various construction materials but the most popular among them are timber and reinforced concrete. Of them timber may be used for domestic stairs of all kinds because of its economical availability. As to reinforced concrete it is popular because of its durable qualities, great resistivity to decay and great resistance to fire. It should be taken into account that domestic timber stairs must be designed for safe and comfortable use by people of different ages.
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What are the most popular materials for stairways nowadays?

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Hypatia of Alexandria. Hypatia lived in Alexandria, Egypt from about AD 370 to AD 415. She was well-known for explaining difficult ideas very clearly and simply. Her work in geometry- the mathematics of shapes - helped mathematicians who lived much later to understand the movements of the planets in space. This may help people get to Mars one day!

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Modern buildings have three major parts. These are the superstructure, the substructure, and the foundation. The superstructure is above –ground part of a building; the substructure – its below-ground part. As to the third part – foundation – its function is of great importance as it serves to transfer the loads of a building into the upper stratum of earth – its soil.

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Materials used for construction purposes possess different properties. They differ in durability, strength, weight, fire- and decay-resistance and, naturally, cost.
Wood, timber, brick, stone, concrete, metals, and plastics belong to the most popular building materials used nowadays. They all have their advantages and disadvantages that are taken into account when designing a structure.