Вопрос № 605446 - Английский язык

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A patented charging technology for all kinds of batteries shortens battery charge times, generates no heat while charging, and extends the battery life 10-fold, to as many as 5,000 charge and discharge cycles. With nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, the charging time drops 90 per cent or more. The system will charge batteries up to 110 per cent of their manufacturer-rated (nominal) capacities, and restores memory-impaired batteries to 98 per cent of their former capacities. The system is easier on batteries than slow- and fast-charging methods, with over-charge and over-heat batteries by force-feeding current. Using a custom IC, the battery chargers read the electrochemical potential of a battery under charge, and determines its internal condition. They change the flow of current during millisecond-scale periods.
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With nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, the charging time ________________.

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How Batteries Work
1. An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first Voltaic pile in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, the battery has become a common power source for many household and industrial applications.  
2. Inside the battery itself, a chemical reaction produces the electrons. The speed of electron production by this chemical reaction (the battery's internal resistance) controls how many electrons can flow between the terminals. Electrons flow from the battery into a wire, and must travel from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to take place. That is why a battery can be stored on a shelf for a year and still have plenty of power. Once you connect a wire, the reaction starts.
3. Batteries may be used once and discarded, or recharged for years as in standby power applications. Miniature cells are used to power devices such as hearing aids and wristwatches; larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.
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Batteries’ long life is provided by…

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Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these goals can best be achieved. Managers evaluate alternative plans before choosing a specific course of action and then check to see that the chosen plan fits into the objectives established at higher organizational levels. Planning is listed as the first management function because the others depend on it. However, even as managers move on to perform other managerial functions, planning continues as goals and alternatives are further evaluated and revised.
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Managers check to see that the chosen plan fits into the objectives established ____________________.

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Organising, the second management function, is the process of putting the plan into action. This involves allocating resources, especially human resources, so that the overall objectives can be attained. In this phase managers decide on the positions to be created and determine the associated duties and responsibilities. Staffing, choosing the right person for the right job, may also be included as part of the organizing function.
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Organising is the process of putting the plan ___________________.

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Third management function is day-to-day direction and supervision of employees. In directing, managers guide, teach and motivate workers so that they reach their potential abilities and at the same time achieve the company goals that were established in the planning process. Effective direction, or supervision, by managers requires ongoing communication with employees.
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Third management function is day-to-day direction and _______________________.

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In the last management function, controlling, managers evaluate how well company objectives are being met. In order to complete this evaluation, managers must look at the objectives established in the planning phase and at how well the tasks assigned in the directing phase are being completed. If major problems exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the company’s organizational or managerial structure. In making changes, managers might have to go back and replan, reorganize, and redirect.
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If major problems exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the company’s _________________________.