Вопрос № 224009 - Английский язык

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International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (sell goods to another country) and import (buy goods from another country). Governments can control international trade.

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International trade is when companies from one country sell their products or services in other countries. For example, the UK produces cars, machinery, oil and chemicals, which it exports to overseas markets. Other British exports include services like banking and travel. These earn foreign currency for the UK. Imports to the UK include cars, food, and electrical goods.

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The main difference between domestic trade and international trade is the use of foreign currencies to pay for the goods and services crossing international borders. Although global trade is often added up in U.S. dollars, the trading itself involves various currencies. Japanese videocassette recorder is paid for in German marks in Berlin, and German cars are paid for in U.S. dollars in Boston. Indian tea, Brazilian coffee, and American films are sold around the world in currencies as diverse as Turkish liras and Mexican pesos.

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In an interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices. By opening up markets, a government allows its citizens to produce and export those things they are best at and to import the rest, choosing from whatever the world has to offer.

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There are some institutions and policies in the world that foster international trade. If these institutions did not exist, many companies would not at all be able to go international. The U.S. government created the Export - Import Bank (Eximbank) in order to reduce unemployment in the country. Eximbank makes loans to U.S exporters and foreign buyers of U.S. imports if private financing is not available. A firm can also buy insurance from the Foreign Credit Insurance Association (FCIA) to cover political risk (such as expropriation and loss due to war). The exporter can also buy insurance coverage on credit sales to foreign customer.

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The fifth largest trading nation in the world, Britain provides just over 9 per cent of the main manufacturing countries’ exports of manufactured goods. The country is a major supplier of aerospace products, motor vehicles, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles and most types of machinery, and is a growing oil exporter. It relies upon imports for about two-fifths of total consumption of foodstuffs and for most of the raw materials required by industry.