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Вопрос № 1088105 - Английский язык

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Rarefaction
1. Rarefaction is the reduction of an item’s density, the opposite of compression. Like compression, which can travel in waves (sound waves, for instance), rarefaction waves also exist in nature. A common rarefaction wave is the area of low relative pressure following a shock wave.
2. Rarefaction waves expand with time (much like sea waves spread out as they reach a beach); in most gases rarefaction waves keep the same «shape» at all times throughout the wave’s movement: it is a «self-similar expansion». Each part of the wave travels at the local speed of sound, in the local medium. This expansion behaviour is in contrast to the behaviour of pressure increases, which get narrower with time, until they steepen into shock waves.
3. A natural example of rarefaction occurs in the layers of Earth’s atmosphere. Because the atmosphere has mass, most atmospheric matter is nearer to the Earth due to the Earth’s gravitation. Therefore, air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense, or rarefied, relative to air at lower layers. Thus rarefaction can refer either to a reduction in density over space at a single point of time, or a reduction of density over time for one particular area.
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Rarefaction waves movement …
Варианты ответов
  • is more intensive at lower layers of Earth’s atmosphere
  • characteristics are similar to compression wave’s one
  • is characterized by expansion with time
  • in gases is characterized by keeping the same «shape»
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Вопрос задал(а): Анонимный пользователь, 13 Ноябрь 2020 в 19:27
На вопрос ответил(а): Анастасия Степанова, 13 Ноябрь 2020 в 19:27

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Вопрос № 1088110

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Rarefaction
1. Rarefaction is the reduction of an item’s density, the opposite of compression. Like compression, which can travel in waves (sound waves, for instance), rarefaction waves also exist in nature. A common rarefaction wave is the area of low relative pressure following a shock wave.
2. Rarefaction waves expand with time (much like sea waves spread out as they reach a beach); in most gases rarefaction waves keep the same «shape» at all times throughout the wave’s movement: it is a «self-similar expansion». Each part of the wave travels at the local speed of sound, in the local medium. This expansion behaviour is in contrast to the behaviour of pressure increases, which get narrower with time, until they steepen into shock waves.
3. A natural example of rarefaction occurs in the layers of Earth’s atmosphere. Because the atmosphere has mass, most atmospheric matter is nearer to the Earth due to the Earth’s gravitation. Therefore, air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense, or rarefied, relative to air at lower layers. Thus rarefaction can refer either to a reduction in density over space at a single point of time, or a reduction of density over time for one particular area.
Ответьте на вопрос:
What layer of Earth’s atmosphere do rarefaction waves exist in?
They occur at all layers of Earth’s atmosphere.
They occur at both higher and lower layers of Earth’s atmosphere.
They occur at lower layers of Earth’s atmosphere.
They occur at higher layers of Earth’s atmosphere.

Вопрос № 1088100

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Rarefaction
1. Rarefaction is the reduction of an item’s density, the opposite of compression. Like compression, which can travel in waves (sound waves, for instance), rarefaction waves also exist in nature. A common rarefaction wave is the area of low relative pressure following a shock wave.
2. Rarefaction waves expand with time (much like sea waves spread out as they reach a beach); in most gases rarefaction waves keep the same «shape» at all times throughout the wave’s movement: it is a «self-similar expansion». Each part of the wave travels at the local speed of sound, in the local medium. This expansion behaviour is in contrast to the behaviour of pressure increases, which get narrower with time, until they steepen into shock waves.
3. A natural example of rarefaction occurs in the layers of Earth’s atmosphere. Because the atmosphere has mass, most atmospheric matter is nearer to the Earth due to the Earth’s gravitation. Therefore, air at higher layers of the atmosphere is less dense, or rarefied, relative to air at lower layers. Thus rarefaction can refer either to a reduction in density over space at a single point of time, or a reduction of density over time for one particular area.
Содержанию текста соответствует утверждения …
Unlike rarefaction waves, compression ones can’t be heard.
Rarefaction waves travel at a speed of sound.
Rarefaction and compression have similar way of travelling.
Compression as well as rarefaction waves exist in nature.

Другие вопросы по предмету Английский язык

Вопрос № 1088106

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James Watt
1. James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.
2. While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realized that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and re-heating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.
3. Watt attempted to commercialize his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties until he entered a partnership with Matthew Boulton in 1775. The new firm of Boulton and Watt was eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In his retirement, Watt continued to develop new inventions though none were as significant as his steam engine work.
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James Watt enhanced the Newcomen’s steam engine design …
but he failed in its implementation
to bring about the Industrial Revolution
as it wasted too much amount of energy
by applying the separate condenser

Вопрос № 1088107

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A rover
1. A rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of a planet or other celestial body. Some rovers have been designed to transport members of a human spaceflight crew; others have been partially or fully autonomous robots. Rovers usually arrive at the planetary surface on a lander-style spacecraft.
2. Rovers have several advantages over stationary landers: they examine more territory and they can be directed to interesting features. If they are solar powered, they can place themselves in sunny positions to weather winter months. They can also advance the knowledge of how to perform very remote robotic vehicle control which is necessarily semi-autonomous due to the finite speed of light.
3. Their advantages over orbiting spacecraft are that they can make observations to a microscopic level and can conduct physical experimentation. Disadvantages of rovers compared to orbiters are the higher chance of failure, due to landing and other risks.
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The application of rovers in comparison with other space exploration equipment is advantageous …
as they can explore the surface with the help of humans on board
as they land the planetary surface on a lander-style spacecraft
because they can be remotely controlled
as their exploration area can be quite extensive

Вопрос № 1088108

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Twilight
1. Twilight is the illumination that is produced by sunlight scattering in the upper atmosphere, illuminating the lower atmosphere when the Sun itself is not directly visible because it is below the horizon, so that the surface of the Earth is neither completely lit nor completely dark.
2. The further the Sun is below the horizon, the dimmer the twilight (other things such as atmospheric conditions being equal). When the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon, twilight’s brightness is nearly zero. Evening twilight ends and night begins. When the Sun again reaches 18 degrees below the horizon, night ends and morning twilight begins.
3. Twilight is defined according to the solar elevation angle, which is the position of the geometric center of the sun relative to the horizon. There are three established and widely accepted subcategories of twilight: civil twilight (brightest), nautical twilight («first light»), and astronomical twilight (darkest).
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Twilight is the illumination that …
can be observed when the Sun is set
defines the solar elevation angle
is visible in the lower atmosphere of the Earth
occurs when the Sun itself is not directly observable

Вопрос № 1088109

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Digitizing
1. The term digitizing is often used to describe the scanning of analog sources (such as printed photos or taped videos) into computers for editing, but it also can refer to audio (where sampling rate is often measured in kilohertz) and texture map transformations. In this last case, as in normal photos, sampling rate refers to the resolution of the image, often measured in pixels per inch.
2. Digitizing is the primary way of storing images in a form suitable for transmission and computer processing, whether scanned from two-dimensional analog originals or captured using an image sensor-equipped device such as a digital camera, tomographical instrument such as a CAT scanner, or acquiring precise dimensions from a real-world object, such as a car, using a 3D scanning device.
3. Digitizing is central to making digital representations of geographical features, using raster or vector images, in a geographic information system, i.e., the creation of electronic maps, either from various geographical and satellite imaging (raster) or by digitizing traditional paper maps or graphs (vector).
Ответьте на вопрос:
What common physical characteristic do printed photos and texture map have while being scanned?
Digital representations of geographical features can be made with the help of raster or vector images.
Their digital representations can be made both from satellite imaging and traditional paper imaging.
These images do not possess any common physical characteristics while being scanned.
Their sampling rate refers to the resolution of the image, often measured in pixels per inch.
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