Вопрос № 867091 - Английский язык

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Interpol
1. Interpol is an intergovernmental body established to promote mutual cooperation between police authorities around the world and to develop means of effectively preventing crime. Founded in Vienna in 1923 and reconstituted in 1946, Interpol is strictly nonpolitical and is forbidden to undertake any activities of a religious, racial, or military nature. The majority of countries belong to Interpol, and only government-approved police bodies may hold membership. Among the first to fight international terrorism and hijackings, Interpol leads the war on narcotics, assists a number of nations in the continuing search for wanted Nazi war criminals. Interpol like any other police force is to safeguard the basic rights of every citizen.
2. The main bodies of Interpol are the general assembly, the executive committee, the general secretariat. The general assembly is composed of the delegates from each member country. It is “the Supreme Authority”. The general assembly meets annually to decide policy and to elect the executive committee, consisting of a president, three vice presidents, and nine delegates, all of different nationalities. The general secretariat, based in Lyons, France, is the permanent administrative headquarters. It contains a number of departments four of which specialize in certain crimes: one handles murder, burglary, assault, larceny, car theft, and missing persons; another deals with bank frauds and other types of embezzlement; a third with drug traffic and moral offences; and a fourth deals with forgery and counterfeiting. The general secretariat coordinates the international activities of member countries, holds a library of international criminal records, and organizes regular meetings at which delegates can exchange information on police work. Interpol is financed by contributions from member countries.
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What is Interpol’s activity aimed at?

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Interpol
1. Interpol is an intergovernmental body established to promote mutual cooperation between police authorities around the world and to develop means of effectively preventing crime. Founded in Vienna in 1923 and reconstituted in 1946, Interpol is strictly nonpolitical and is forbidden to undertake any activities of a religious, racial, or military nature. The majority of countries belong to Interpol, and only government-approved police bodies may hold membership. Among the first to fight international terrorism and hijackings, Interpol leads the war on narcotics, assists a number of nations in the continuing search for wanted Nazi war criminals. Interpol like any other police force is to safeguard the basic rights of every citizen.
2. The main bodies of Interpol are the general assembly, the executive committee, the general secretariat. The general assembly is composed of the delegates from each member country. It is “the Supreme Authority”. The general assembly meets annually to decide policy and to elect the executive committee, consisting of a president, three vice presidents, and nine delegates, all of different nationalities. The general secretariat, based in Lyons, France, is the permanent administrative headquarters. It contains a number of departments four of which specialize in certain crimes: one handles murder, burglary, assault, larceny, car theft, and missing persons; another deals with bank frauds and other types of embezzlement; a third with drug traffic and moral offences; and a fourth deals with forgery and counterfeiting. The general secretariat coordinates the international activities of member countries, holds a library of international criminal records, and organizes regular meetings at which delegates can exchange information on police work. Interpol is financed by contributions from member countries.
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One of the main goals of Interpol is …

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What does the Convention on the Rights of the Child spell out?
The human rights of children and the standards to which all governments must aspire in realizing these rights for all children, are formulated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention is the most universally accepted human rights instrument in history – it has been ratified by every country in the world except two. By ratifying this instrument, national governments have committed themselves to protecting and ensuring children’s rights.
Built on varied legal systems and cultural traditions, the Convention on the Rights of the Child is a universally agreed set of non-negotiable standards and obligations. It spells out the basic human rights that children everywhere – without discrimination – have: the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation, and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life.
Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent to the human dignity and harmonious development of every child. The Convention protects children’s rights by setting standards in health care, education and legal, civil and social services. These standards are benchmarks against which progress can be assessed. States that are party to the Convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and policies in the light of the best interests of the child.

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The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest tribunal in the United States. It includes a Chief Justice and eight associate justices. They are all appointed by the President and approved by the Senate.
Under the Constitution the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction (i.e., it is the court in which proceedings may be brought in the first instance) in case affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls and cases in which a state is a party. In all other cases coming within the judicial power of the United States, the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction is only appellate, and is subject to exceptions and regulations by Congress.
The Supreme Court cannot alter the Constitution. The Court’s function is to interpret the Constitution, not to alter or modify it.
The Supreme Court meets on the second Monday in October for a session which generally extends through to July.

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The Supreme Court is made up of lawyers who had long and successful experience before they were appointed to the Court. Not all were judges or lawyers in private practice. A Supreme Court Justice may have been a senator, an Attorney General, a teacher in a law school, or even the administrator of an agency that acts like a court. The typical justice was probably appointed at about the age of fifty, and will live from twenty to forty years on the court. He is therefore likely to be somewhat elderly, and also to have lived in close contact with the political world of the previous generation.

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The Courts of Appeals were organized to relieve the Supreme Court of pressure resulting from accumulation of appellate cases. In general these courts have final jurisdiction over the great mass of litigation not involving constitutional questions. For example, parties from different states have their case heard in a high Federal Court without going to the Supreme Court. A United States Court of Appeals generally comprises three judges. (The Chief Justice and associate justices of the Supreme Court are authorized to assign additional circuit court judges to such courts as may need them).
A Court of Appeals accepts the facts sent up to it by the lower courts, and therefore does not need a jury. Its work is to decide on disputed questions of law. As a rule the Court of Appeals sits with three judges together on the bench. This court’s principal duty is to protect the Supreme Court from routine cases of no political importance. Its decision may be so clear and well grounded that the Supreme Court will refuse to go into the question further, in which case the Court of Appeals has stated the supreme law of the land, at least for the exact circumstances of that case.