Прочитайте текст. The UK economy has recently experienced economic growth combined with low inflatio...: ответ на тест 1072362 - Английский язык

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The UK economy has recently experienced economic growth combined with low inflation and falling unemployment. In 1997, it achieved the first surplus on the current account of the balance of payments since 1985. Nevertheless, the economy continues to face problems, such as low levels of investment and productivity, and income per head is below that of many other major industrialized nations. The Government’s economic policies are directed towards the achievement of high and stable levels of growth and employment, enabling everyone to share in higher living standards and greater job opportunities. Extra resources are being allocated to priority concerns, notably health, education, public transport, and the regeneration of urban areas and housing.
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The UK economy continues to face problems, such as low levels of investment and …

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                                                    Mixed economies
1. A mixed economy contains elements of both market and planned economies. At one extreme we have a command economy, which does not allow individuals to make economic decisions, at the other extreme we have a free market, where individuals exercise considerable economic freedom of choice without any government restrictions. Between these two extremes lies a mixed economy.
2. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government whilst others are used in response to the demands of consumers. Technically, all the economies of the world are mixed. Some countries are nearer to command economies, while others are closer to free market economies.
3. The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the disadvantages of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.
4. The UK is a country with mixed economy. Some services are provided by the state (for example, health care and defence) whilst a range of privately owned businesses offer other goods and services.
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What is the purpose of a mixed economy?

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The Japanese have performed an economic miracle since World War II. In a very short time, they have achieved global market leadership in many industries: cars, motorcycles, watches, cameras, optical instruments, steel, shipbuilding, computers and consumer electronics. They are now making strong inroads into rubber tyres, chemicals, machine tools and even design clothes and cosmetics. Some credit the global success of Japanese companies to their unique business and management practices. Others point to the help they get from Japanese government, powerful trading companies, and banks. Still others say Japan’s success is based on low wage rates and unfair dumping policies.
But one of the main keys to Japan’s success is its skilful use of marketing. They know how to select a market, enter it the right way, build market share, and protect their share against competitors.
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Some people think that the global success of Japanese companies is their unique …

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The economy of the Soviet Union was a “command” economy. For nearly 60 years, it operated on the basis of central planning-state control over all means of production and over investment, production, and consumption. Economic policy was made according to directives from the communist party, which controlled all aspects of economic activity. Five-year plans and annual plans were the chief mechanisms which the Soviet government used to translate economic policies into programs. According to those policies, the State Planning Committee (Gosplan) formulated countrywide output targets for planning periods. Regional planning bodies then refined these targets for state industrial enterprises and state farms (sovkhoz) and collective farms (kolkhoz), each of which had its own specific output plan. Agriculture was mainly collective, and farm workers were allowed only small private plots. It was believed that if each unit met or exceeded its plan, then demand and supply would balance.
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Economic policy of the Soviet Union was made according to directives from the communist party, which controlled all aspects of …

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Nowadays the economy of Russia is going through a transitional period from the isolated, centrally planned socialist economy to a market and globally-integrated economy. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, except for the energy and defense sectors. The majority of state-owned firms were privatized using “loans-for-shares” scheme. As a result, they were turned over to oligarchs. After the crisis of 1997 and the depreciation of the rouble followed by sharp deterioration in living standards for most of the population, Russia’s economy faced recession. The economy started recovering in 1999, partially because of high export prices on oil and gas which Russia is rich in. The Russian economy, however, was hit by the 2008-09 global economic crisis because oil prices decreased rapidly, and the foreign credits that Russian banks and firms relied on stopped.
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The majority of state-owned firms in Russia were privatized using …

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The USA today is a leading economic power with a high standard of living and high productivity in industry and agriculture. It is one of the most prosperous nations in the world. 60% of all families and individuals are in the middle-income or high-income rank.
The USA remains the world’s leading producer of goods and services, although its superiority is diminishing as other countries become more competitive in the world’s market. Industrial and technological position of the US is very high. The USA is the leading producer of electrical energy, aluminum, copper, and paper, and one of the top producers of natural gas and automobiles. No other nation exports as much high technology as the USA.
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The USA is a leading economic country with a high standard of living and high productivity in …