Вопрос № 867082 - Английский язык

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Knowingly receiving stolen property is an offense separate from larceny. It consists of receiving, concealing, or buying property known to be stolen, with intent to deprive the rightful owner of the property. One who receives stolen property is known as a fence. Special statutes deal with the fencing of types of property that are commonly stolen, such as motor vehicles and valuable airplane, ship, or truck cargoes.

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In many countries a distinction is made between private (or civil) and public law. Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country, and public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.
The main categories of English civil law are:
– Law of Contracts: binding agreements between people (or companies);
– Law of Torts: wrongs committed by one individual against another individual’s person, property or reputation;
– Law of Trusts: arrangements whereby a person administers property for another person’s benefit rather than his own Land Law;
– Probate Law: arrangements for dealing with property after the owner’s death;
– Family Law.
The main categories of public law are:
– Criminal Law: wrongs which, even when committed against an individual, are considered to harm the well-being of society in general;
– Constitutional Law: regulation of how the law operates and of the relation between private citizen and government;
– International Law: regulation of relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.

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An example of an agreement that obstructs 1_______ is compounding a crime. It involves accepting money or property in exchange for a promise not to 2_______ or not to inform on one who has committed a 3_______. If the injured party independently and voluntarily decides not to press criminal charges against the 4_______, then the criminal makes restitution by restoring the stolen property or its value to the owner.

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A waiver is the voluntary and intentional giving up of a 1_______ right. Although many rights may be waived, some may not, such as the 2_______ to workers’ minimum wages. 3_______ forbids agreements to pay less than legally prescribed minimum wages. Workers injured on the job must be given necessary medical care without charge, as well as financial help. A person may not 4_______ such a right.

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Persons in specified occupations and businesses have a 1_______ or permit. Physicians, teachers, lawyers, plumbers, electricians, pharmacists, real estate brokers, insurance agents, and building contractors are among such persons. Licensing 2_______ attempt to prevent incompetent and dishonest persons from harming the public. In any event, no 3_______ made by or with а person who 4_______ the required competency license may be enforced by the unlicensed person.

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1_______ that unreasonably 2_______ trade are void. The economic system is based upon the 3_______ of free and open competition, which 4_______ consumers by rewarding efficient producers. It seeks to ensure all business firms of an equal opportunity to trade. It tends to protect consumers in their search for quality goods at fair prices.