Прочитайте текст и найдите соответствующий перевод подчеркнутого выражения During the 19th century v...: ответ на тест 606632 - Английский язык

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During the 19th century various institutions of higher education were founded in the industrial towns and cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. Their buildings were of local brick, so they got the name “redbrick” universities. They contrasted chiefly with Oxford and Cambridge. At first they prepared students for London University degrees, but later they were given the right to award their own degrees.

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During the 19th century various institutions of higher education were founded in the industrial towns and cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. Their buildings were of local brick, so they got the name “redbrick” universities. They contrasted chiefly with Oxford and Cambridge. At first they prepared students for London University degrees, but later they were given the right to award their own degrees.

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Universities usually select students on the basis of A-level results and an interview (students who wish to enter Oxford and Cambridge have to take certain exams). Those who have better A-level results are usually accepted. Higher education has become more available in the second half of the 20th century.

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One of the most striking features of English life is the self-discipline and courtesy of people of all classes. There is little noisy behaviour, and practically no loud disputing in the street. People do not rush excitedly for seats in buses or trains, but take their seats in queues at bus stops in a quiet and orderly manner.
Englishmen are naturally polite and are never tired in saying "Thank you", "I’m sorry", "Beg your pardon". If you follow anyone who is entering a building or a room, he will hold a door open for you. Many foreigners have commented on a remarkable politeness of the English people.

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English people don't like displaying their emotions even in dangerous and tragic situations, and ordinary people seem to remain good-tempered and cheerful under difficulties.
The Englishman does not like any boasting or showing off in manners, dress or speech. Sometimes he conceals his knowledge: a linguist, for example, may not mention his understanding of a foreigner’s language.

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The Englishman prefers his own house to an apartment in a block of flats, because he doesn't wish his doing to be overlooked by his neighbours. "An Englishman's house is his castle".
Many Englishmen help their wives at home in many ways. They clean the windows on Saturday afternoon, and they often wash up the dishes after supper in the evening.