Вопрос № 284163 - Английский язык

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Fluid milk for commercial distribution is usually pasteurized, that is subjected to the temperature of 61,70 C for at least 30 min or 71,70 C for 15 sec. and then cooled and bottled. The importance of safety and cleanliness is stressed in the dairy industry. Milk may also be condensed or evaporated, dried, powdered or separated into skim milk and cream.

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Ice cream is the frozen product made from a combination of milk products (cream, butter, or milk – either whole or evaporated, condensed, skimmed, or dried) and two or more of the following ingredients: eggs, water and sugar with flavouring and colouring matter. In the manufacture of ice cream, freezing is accompanied by agitation of the ingredients to avoid crystallization and to incorporate air for proper texture.

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Drying, salting, cold storage, freezing, bottling and canning are methods used to preserve vegetables and fruit. If foods are kept for a few days in the air, they spoil because of the action of yeasts, bacteria and other types of microorganisms. Food preserving methods destroy these organisms or prevent their re – entry or slow down their growth.

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It was not until 1930 that people could keep food fresh for a long time. They did this by freezing it.
Clarence Birdeye was the first person to sell frozen food. He had watched fishermen catching fish in the coldest part of Canada. The fish came out of the water and frozen in the cold air. Months later, these frozen fish were still fresh, and the fishermen could cook and eat them. Mr. Birdeye started a freezing company with some friends. He put fresh vegetables into large boxes of water. Then he put the boxes in a large freezer.
At first the frozen foods did not sell very well. Many people did not have anywhere to keep them because they did not have fridges. Also the price was high. However, when more people had fridges, frozen foods become more popular and people did not have to pay so much for them. By 1933, there were 516 shops selling frozen foods.

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Coca-Cola is one of the most popular soft drinks in the world. Dr. John Pemberton first made in Atlanta, America, in 1886. Dr. Pemberton was not a real doctor but  he sold syrups to people who were ill. He made his first Coca-Cola drink with syrup and soda water. He gave it to his friends to try. They liked it but asked him to make it even better.
Although Dr. Pemberton’s drink was 99% sugar and soda water, 1% of it was coca leaves and cola nuts (that is why he called the drink ‘Coca-Cola’) and some other things. Dr. Pemberton would not tell anyone what these things were. He kept them a secret. The drink did not sell well at first so he sold the secret. Two years later, he died.
In 1892, Asa Candler bought the secret and started The Coca-Cola Company.
Today, The Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest companies in America.

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Levi Strauss was in Bavaria in Europe in 1829. He moved to America when he was 17 years old. He went there to look for gold.
Strauss took a lot of cloth with him to San Francisco. When he got there, he saw that people needed clothes. Clothes did not last very long in the gold fields. He decided that he would stop looking for gold and would only make pants. He opened a small shop and made a lot of money from selling pants.
Strauss found a strong cloth. It came from a town in France called Nimes. The French called it ‘serge de Nimes’. The Americans called it ‘denim’. Strauss also bought some cloth from Genoa, a town in Italy. To Americans this name sounded like ‘jeans’ so they called his pants ‘jeans’. The cloth Strauss used was always  blue so people called his pants ‘blue jeans’ and ‘blue denims’. Other people called them ‘Levi’s’.