Вопрос № 800583 - Английский язык

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Concrete is considered to be a universal material for construction. Different 1_______ of concrete can be used practically for every building purpose. The raw materials for producing 2_______can be found in every part of the world. There exist different ways of producing concrete. It can be 3_______ by mixing the ingredients and pouring the mixture into position on the very site of building. Concrete can also be produced in a factory, and 4_______ as a material for manufacturing prefabricated blocks.

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Concrete being a universally used material, its new kinds are being constantly produced. Among others there exists concrete with cells. Its main quality is that it is made of materials that emit gas and foam during the process of mixing the aggregates with water. It should be taken into account that concrete of this type possesses relatively light weight. It is mostly used for producing slabs, wall panels, and frame constructions. As we know, decrease in weight leads to a considerable decrease in strength. This quality is classified as a great disadvantage of cellular concrete.

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The Tay Bridge in Scotland was designed and built by Sir Thomas Bouch. 1_______. The bridge, which was over 3 kilometres long, opened in 1878 and fell down in a winter storm in 1879. 2_______.
There was the enquiry into the Tay Bridge disaster to find out why the accident happened. One of the constructions was that the design and construction were based on quickly and cheaply it could be built. Safety and strength were not thought about properly. 3___________ . Also, the design was based on experience rather than the more scientific and accurate calculations used today. 4___________. The results confirm that the design of the bridge was definitely substandard.

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Engineering is everywhere. 1________. For example, if a manufacturer wants a faster car, a smaller personal stereo, or a better pen, they will ask a design engineer to find a practical solution.
Engineering is both theoretical and practical. 2________. The design solution must be a reasonable price, safe, and reliable. A new idea that is expensive, dangerous, or doesn’t always work is not a good solution.
Engineers use a method. Generally, engineers solve problems in a methodical way.
Engineers:
1. 3________,
2. design a solution,
3. rest the solution,
4. evaluate the solution.
4________. When a good solution is found, the next step is to:
     5. communicate the solution.

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There are lots of different types of engineering. 1_______. The whole science of engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas:
- civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)
- 2_______
- electrical engineering (electricity, lighting, etc.)
Each of these three main area can be divided into specialist subjects.
Civil engineering covers mining and bridge building, mechanical engineering covers aeronautical and automobile engineering, electrical engineering covers electricity generation and wiring.
Clearly there is a big difference between building a road and designing a computer system so the best advice for students is:
think carefully about which area of engineering interests you most. It is difficult to study if you are not interested – and you may do the job until you are 60 years old.
think about what sort of person you are. Will you be happiest working in an office, in a factory, or alone? 3_______ Do you want to work with other people or alone? 4_______. When you have decided which area you are interested in and thought realistically about what sort of person you are, then you can decide what sort of engineer you want to be.

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The Great Wall of China was built across northern China to protect the population.
 1_______. The work was done by enormous gangs of forced labourers and many of them died doing the work. 2___________. It is made of earth covered with stone.
3___________. The stone structures were usually tombs for pharaohs. The pyramids have square bases with sloping sides which meet at an apex. The first pyramid was built in about 2600 BC and is over 140m high. 4___________. It is estimated that 20-25,000 people worked for 20 years to build each pyramid.