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Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random access memory or RAM and read-only memory or ROM. 1_______. ROM is typically used to store the computer initial start-up instructions. 2_______. In a PC, ROM contains a specialized program called BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer operating system from the hard disk driver into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drivers, all the required software may be stored in ROM. 3_______. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. 4_______.
RAM can be read and written at anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it
In general, the content of RAM is erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely
Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software
It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary
